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Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to Sodwana Bay, South Africa and east to the Line, Marquesas and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
12.8
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
2334
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 9;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 11;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 11. Some geographical variations between Indian and Pacific Ocean and Red Sea. Adults with one or two yellow saddles over the back and sometimes with small black spot on upper peduncle. Small juveniles black and white, gradually changing with growth to adult pattern (Ref.
48636
).
Inhabits sand patches of lagoon and seaward reefs to at least 30 m (Ref.
1602
); also on slopes to moderate depths along drop-offs (Ref.
48636
). Juveniles common at the bottom of surge channels (Ref.
9710
). Feeds mainly on hard-shelled prey, including mollusks, crustaceans and sea urchins (9823).
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene
, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref.
2334
)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 24.8 - 29, mean 27.6 °C (based on 978 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00538 - 0.01619), b=3.09 (2.94 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.4 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Very high
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 72.3 [43.5, 119.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.742 [0.433, 1.311] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [15.8, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.145 [0.096, 0.223] g/100g; Selenium = 30 [19, 52] μg/100g; VitaminA = 77.2 [25.7, 278.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.44 [1.02, 2.23] mg/100g (wet weight);
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