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Halictus rubicundus (Christ, 1791)
Apis rubicunda Christ, 1791; Halictus nidulans Walckenaer, 1817; Halictus lerouxii Lepeletier, 1841; Halictus quadrifasciatus Smith, 1870; Halictus lerouxii var ruborum Cockerell, 1898; Halictus rubicundus var laticinctus Blüthgen, 1923; Halictus rubicundus var mongolensis Blüthgen, 1936; Halictus lupinelli Cockerell, 1936; Halictus (Protohalictus) frater Pesenko, 1984

Life   Insecta   Hymenoptera   Apoidea   Halictidae   Halictus
Subgenus: Protohalictus

Halictus rubicundus, Mid-Atlantic Phenology
© Copyright source/photographer · 9
Halictus rubicundus, Mid-Atlantic Phenology

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Halictus rubicundus
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014 · 7
Halictus rubicundus
Halictus rubicundus FEM mm .x f
© Copyright Laurence Packer 2014 · 7
Halictus rubicundus FEM mm .x f

Halictus rubicundus MALE mm .x f
© Copyright Laurence Packer 2014 · 7
Halictus rubicundus MALE mm .x f
Halictus rubicundus
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014 · 6
Halictus rubicundus

Halictus rubicundus, f on leaf --
Michael Veit · 6
Halictus rubicundus, f on leaf --
Halictus rubicundus, f on Solida --
Michael Veit · 6
Halictus rubicundus, f on Solida --

Halictus rubicundus, m on Helian --
Michael Veit · 6
Halictus rubicundus, m on Helian --
Halictus rubicundus, m on Helian --
Michael Veit · 6
Halictus rubicundus, m on Helian --

Halictus rubicundus, Thomas of Baltimore
Thomas of Baltimore · 5
Halictus rubicundus, Thomas of Baltimore
Halictus rubicundus
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014 · 4
Halictus rubicundus

Halictus rubicundus
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Halictus rubicundus
Halictus rubicundus
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Halictus rubicundus

Halictus rubicundus
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Halictus rubicundus
Halictus rubicundus
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Halictus rubicundus
Overview
FEMALE�Length 10-11 mm.; black; pubescence whitish, rather short on head and thorax, somewhat yellowish on apical leg segments; head somewhat broader than long; eyes very slightly convergent below; clypeus somewhat protuberant, protruding about one-half below suborbital line; cheeks slightly broader than eyes; lateral ocelli somewhat nearer margin of vertex than to eyes; punctures quite deep and distinct on head and dorsum of thorax, fine and densely crowded above antennae but becoming relatively sparse below and on clypeus, minute and obscure on vertex, cheeks becoming finely and obscurely striate, without evident punctures; dorsum of thorax shining between fine, close punctures, these becoming crowded laterally, pleura finely and obscurely rugoso-striate; dorsal area of propodeum finely rugose, poorly defined; wings lightly infuscated basally but becoming quite deeply so apically, veins and stigma pale ferruginous; tegulae piceous, with a narrow, hyaline, anterior rim; hind basitibial plate triangular, acute; legs blackish but apical tarsal segments becoming reddish; abdominal terga minutely and very closely punctate, punctures quite deep and distinct on basal terga, becoming obscure apically, the apical fasciae quite dense, white, subinterrupted on terga 1 and 2.

MALE�Length 10-11 mm.; black, but with labrum and most of clypeus, tibiae and tarsi yellow, flagella more piceous; length and breadth of head about equal; eyes rather distinctly converging below; clypeus quite strongly protuberant, projecting somewhat more than one-half below suborbital line, somewhat less than half blackened above; mandibles blackish; cheeks somewhat broader than eyes; lateral ocelli slightly nearer margin of vertex than to eyes; basal segment of flagellum considerably shorter than second and following segments, about as broad as long; punctures fine but deep and distinct, very close above antennae, becoming slightly more widely separated below, those on vertex less distinct, cheeks becoming very finely striate below, scutum shining between closely crowded punctures, these becoming somewhat more widely separated posteriorly and on scutellum, pleura very finely rugoso-striate; dorsal area of propodeum finely but rather distinctly rugosostriate; wings subhyaline, becoming lightly infuscated apically, veins and stigma pale ferruginous; tegulae reddened, with an anterior yellow spot; basal leg segments blackened but femora yellowish at tip, tibiae yellowish, but with a reddish or piceous median blotch, tarsi entirely yellow; abdominal terga very finely and closely but quite distinctly punctate, apical margins somewhat reddened, apical fasciae white, dense laterally but becoming thin or interrupted medially, discal pubescence very short and inconspicuous, blackish; sternum 4 very broadly and slightly incurved apically, apical margin of sternum 5 with a broad, subtriangular median emargination, 6 narrowly truncate apically; gonostyli strongly compressed, with a large ventral lobe which is truncate, a finger-like dorsal lobe with a fringe of short setae, a long tuft of curved setae projecting posteriorly and a second tuft of more elongate, curved setae directed toward penis valves, these rather strongly grooved dorsally.

DISTRIBUTION�Holarctic, ranging throughout Canada and the United States, south to Florida; March to September.

FLOWER RECORDS�Althaea, Antennaria, Aronia, Barbarea, Berteroa, Ceanothus, Chrysanthemum, Daucus, Eupatorium, Fagopyrum, Fragaria, Hydrangea, Malus, Melilotus, Oenothera, Oxypolis, Potentilla, Prunus, Ranunculus, Rhus, Ru bus, Rudbeckia, Salix, Solidago, Spiraea, Taraxacum, Trifolium and Vaccinium. Brittain and Newton (1933 and 1934) record rubicundus also on Brassica, Cirsium, Crataegus, Leotodon, Solidago, Tulipa and Veronica. Robertson (1929) records this species (as H. lerouxii) on the following additional genera: Amorpha, Anemonella Antennaria, Anthemis, Arabis, Arctium, Asclepias, Aster, Blephilia, Camassia, Campanula, Capsella, Castalia, Caulophyllum, Collinsia, Comandra, Coreopsis, Crytotaenia, Delphinium, Dentaria, Dianthera, Erigenia, Eryngium, Erythronium, Eulophus, Geranium, Heracleum, Isopyrum, Krigia, Lepachys, Lycopus, Malva, Monarda, Nelumbo, Nepeta, Osmorrhiza, Oxalis, Petalostemon, Polemonium, Polygonum, Psoralea, Ptelea, Pycnanthemum, Rhammus, Ribes, Sassafras, Scrophularia, Silphium, Sium, Smilacina, Stellaria, Symphoricarpus, Teucrium, Thaspium, Tilia, Triosteum, Verbena, Verbesina, Viburnum, Zanthoxylum and Zizia.

Identification
Extracted from: Mitchell, T. 1962. Bees of the Eastern United States, I. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. 1-191.

FEMALE-Length 10-11 mm.; black; pubescence whitish, rather short on head and thorax, somewhat yellowish on apical leg segments; head somewhat broader than long; eyes very slightly convergent below; clypeus somewhat protuberant, protruding about one half below suborbital line; cheeks slightly broader than eyes; lateral ocelli somewhat nearer margin of vertex than to eyes; punctures quite deep and distinct on head and dorsum of thorax, fine and densely crowded above antennae but becoming relatively sparse below and on clypeus, minute and obscure on vertex, cheeks becoming finely and obscurely striate, without eviclent punctures; dorsum of thorax shining between fine, close punctures, these becoming crowded laterally, pleura finely and obscurely rugoso-striate; dorsal area of propodeum finely rugose, poorly defined; wings lightly infuscated basally but becoming quite deeply so apically, veins and stigma pale ferruginous; tegulae piceous, with a narrow, hyaline, anterior rim; hind basitibial plate triangular, acute; legs blackish but apical tarsal segments becoming reddish; abdominal terga minutely and very closely punctate, punctures quite deep and distinct on basal terga, becoming obscure apically, the apical fasciae quite dense, white, subinterrupted on terga 1 and 2.

MALE-Length 10-11 mm.; black, but with labrum and most of clypeus, tibiae and tarsi yellow, flagella more piceous; length and breadth of head about equal; eyes rather distinctly converging below; clypeus quite strongly protuberant, projecting somewhat more than one-half below suborbital line, somewhat less than half blackened above; mandibles blackish; cheeks somewhat broader than eyes; lateral ocelli slightly nearer margin of vertex than to eyes; basal segment of flagellum considerably shorter than second and following segments, about as broad as long; punctures fine but deep and distinct, very close above antennae, becoming slightly more widely separated below, those on vertex less distinct, cheeks becoming very finely striate below, scutum shining between closely crowded punctures, these becoming somewhat more widely separated posteriorly and on scutellum, pleura very finely rugoso-striate; dorsal area of propodeum finely but rather distinctly rugosostriate; wings subhyaline, becoming lightly infuscated apically, veins and stigma pale ferruginous; tegulae reddened, with an anterior yellow spot; basal leg segments blackened but femora yellowish at tip, tibiae yellowish, but with a reddish or piceous median blotch, tarsi entirely yellow; abdominal terga very finely and closely but quite distinctly punctate, apical margins somewhat reddened, apical fasciae white, dense laterally but becoming thin or interrupted medially, discal pubescence very short and inconspicuous, blackish; sternum 4 very broadly and slightly incurved apically, apical margin of sternum 5 with a broad, subtriangular median emargination, 6 narrowly truncate apically; gonostyli strongly compressed, with a large ventral lobe which is truncate, a finger-like dorsal lobe with a fringe of short setae, a long tuft of curved setae projecting posteriorly and a second tuft of more elongate, curved setae directed toward penis valves, these rather strongly grooved dorsally.

DISTRIBUTION-Holarctic, ranging throughout Canada and the United States, south to Florida; March to September.

FLOWER RECORDS-Althaea, Antennaria, Aronia, Barbarea, Berteroa, Ceanothus, Chrysanthemum, Daucus, Eupatorium, Fagopyrum, Fragaria, Hydrangea, Malus, Melilotus, Oenothera, Oxypolis, Potentilla, Prunus, Ranunculus, Rhus, Rubus, Rudbeckia, Salix, Solidago, Spiraea, Taraxacum, Trifolium and Vaccinium. Brittain and Newton (1933 and 1934) record rubicundus also on Brassica, Cirsium, Crataegus, Leotodon, Solidago, Tulipa and Veronica. Robertson (1929) records this species (as H. lerouxii) on the following additional genera : Amorpha, Anemonella Antennaria, Anthemis, Arabis, Arctium, Asclepias, Aster, Blephilia, Camassia, Campanula, Capsella, Castalia, Caulophyllum, Collinsia, Comandra, Coreopsis, Crytotaenia, Delphinium, Dentaria, Dianthera, Erigenia, Eryngium, Erythronium, Eulophus, Geranium, Heracleum, Isopyrum, Krigia, Lepachys, Lycopus, Malva, Monarda, Nelumbo, Nepeta, Osmorrhixa, Oxalis, Petalostemon, Polemonium, Polygonum, Psoralea, Ptelea, Pycnanthemum, Rhammus, Ribes, Sassafras, Scrophularia, Silphium, Sium, Smilacina, Stellaria, Symphoricarpus, Teucrium, Thaspium, Tilia, Triosteum, Verbena, Verbesina, Viburnum, Zanthoxylum and Zixia.


Names
Scientific source:

Supported by

Hosts · map
FamilyScientific name @ source (records)
Aceraceae  Acer sp @ BBSL (2)
Adoxaceae  Viburnum lentago @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Anacardiaceae  Rhus aromatica @ BBSL (1)

Rhus copallina @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Rhus glabra @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Rhus @ CUIC_ENT (1)
Apiaceae  Daucus carota @ BBSL (2); AMNH_BEE (1); CUIC_ENT (3); UCMS_ENT (11)

Lomatium grayi @ BBSL (1)

Lomatium sp @ BBSL (8)

Lomatium triternatum @ BBSL (1)

Lomatium @ RMBL_ENT (1)

Polytaenia nuttallii @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Sium latifolium @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Sphenosciadium capitellatum @ AMNH_BEE (7)
Apocynaceae  Apocynum androsaemifolium @ CUIC_ENT (1)
Aquifoliaceae  Ilex verticillata @ AMNH_BEE (4)
Araliaceae  Aralia hispida @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Asteraceae  Achillea millefolium @ BBSL (3); UCMS_ENT (12)

Agoseris glauca @ DART_ENT (1)

Antennaria @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Aster @ I_JSA (2)

Balsamorhiza sagittata @ BBSL (1)

Bidens @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Centaurea jacea @ AMNH_BEE (4)

Chrysothamnus sp @ BBSL (2)

Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus @ BBSL (6)

Cichorium [duplicate] @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Cichorium intybus @ PN- (1); MLSB__N16- (1); CUIC_ENT (6)

Cirsium sp @ BBSL (1)

Cirsium undulatum @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Crepis sp @ BBSL (1)

Ericameria nauseosa @ BBSL (2)

Erigeron flagellaris @ RMBL_ENT (2)

Erigeron philadelphicus @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Erigeron sp @ BBSL (3)

Erigeron speciosus @ BBSL (1); DART_ENT (1); RMBL_ENT (2)

Erigeron umbellatum @ RMBL_ENT (1)

Euthamia caroliniana @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Grindelia squarrosa @ BBSL (1); AMNH_BEE (8)

Helianthus maximiliani @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Helianthus sp @ BBSL (1)

Heliomeris multiflora @ DART_ENT (1); RMBL_ENT (2)

Heterotheca villosa @ RMBL_ENT (1)

Hypochaeris @ UCRC_ENT (1)

Lactuca pulchella @ AMNH_BEE (6)

Machaeranthera grindelioides @ BBSL (1)

Nothocalais cuspidata @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Pluchea odorata @ UCMS_ENT (11)

Senecio pauperculus @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Senecio sp @ BBSL (1)

Senecio triangularis @ BBSL (1)

Solidago canadensis @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Solidago juncea @ CUIC_ENT (1)

Solidago rigida @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Solidago sp @ BBSL (11)

Solidago @ AMNH_BEE (5)

Symphyotrichum ericoides @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Taraxacum campylodes @ DART_ENT (1); AMNH_BEE (12); CUIC_ENT (1); UCMS_ENT (1); RMBL_ENT (2)

Taraxacum officinale @ BBSL (1); AMNH_BEE (17)

Taraxacum @ AMNH_BEE (3); RMBL_ENT (4)

Tetradymia comosa @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Berberidaceae  Berberis fendleri @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Boraginaceae  Echium vulgare @ CUIC_ENT (1)

Hackelia patens @ BBSL (2)

Hackelia sp @ BBSL (1)
Brassicaceae  Barbarea @ CUIC_ENT (1)

Brassica juncea @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Brassica nigra @ BBSL (4)

Brassica rapa @ UCMS_ENT (2)

Erysimum inconspicuum @ DART_ENT (1)

Isatis tinctoria @ BBSL (1)

Lesquerella filiformis @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Raphanus raphanistrum @ UCMS_ENT (3)

Sinapis arvensis @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Sisymbrium altissimum @ BBSL (1)

Sisymbrium sp @ BBSL (1)
Buxaceae  Buxus @ CUIC_ENT (1)
C. smith  672 @ JRYB__SHEN (1)
Cactaceae  Sclerocactus glaucus @ BBSL (7)
Campanulaceae  Campanula rotundifolia @ BBSL (1)
Capparaceae  Cleome lutea @ BBSL (1)
Caprifoliaceae  Symphoricarpos occidentalis @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Caryophyllaceae  Arenaria sp @ BBSL (1)
Chenopodiaceae  Beta vulgaris @ BBSL (1)
Cleomaceae  Peritoma serrulata @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Convolvulaceae  Convolvulus sp @ BBSL (1)

Cuscuta gronovii @ AMNH_BEE (3)
Crassulaceae  Sedum lanceolatum @ BBSL (1)
Elaeagnaceae  Shepherdia argentea @ AMNH_BEE (3)
Ericaceae  Lyonia ligustrina @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Rhododendron @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Vaccinium sp @ BBSL (1)
Fabaceae  Amorpha fruticosa @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Astragalus sp @ BBSL (1)

Cercis canadensis @ CUIC_ENT (3)

Chamaecrista fasciculta @ B_AW (1)

Dalea purpurea @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Hedysarum boreale @ BBSL (1)

Lupinus sericeus @ BBSL (1)

Lupinus sp @ BBSL (2)

Medicago sativa @ BBSL (26); AMNH_BEE (2); CUIC_ENT (3)

Melilotus officinalis @ AMNH_BEE (21); UCMS_ENT (3)

Melilotus sp @ BBSL (2)

Melilotus @ AMNH_BEE (1); UCMS_ENT (1)

Trifolium aureum @ CUIC_ENT (1)

Trifolium pratense @ BBSL (1); CUIC_ENT (1)

Trifolium repens @ PN- (1); UCMS_ENT (2)

Trifolium @ AMNH_BEE (2)
Gentianaceae  Frasera speciosa @ RMBL_ENT (1)
Grossulariaceae  Ribes missouriense @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Ribes setosum @ AMNH_BEE (6)

Ribes @ AMNH_BEE (3)
Herndon, j.d.  1154 @ JRYA__OLYM (1)

1402 @ JRYA__OLYM (1)

1487 @ JRYA__OLYM (4)

1537 @ JRYA__OLYM (2)
Hydrangeaceae  Hydrangea macrophylla @ AMNH_BEE (1)
J. rykken  1026 @ JRYB__SHEN (1)

1029 @ JRYB__SHEN (1)

575 @ JRYB__SHEN (1)
K. kingsley  1063 @ JRYB__SHEN (1)

3528 @ JRYB__SHEN (1)
Lamiaceae  Clinopodium vulgare @ CUIC_ENT (1)

Lycopus sp @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Physostegia parviflora @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Pycnanthemum @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Liliaceae  Allium sp @ BBSL (8)

Erythronium sp @ BBSL (1)

Erythronium @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Malvaceae  Iliamna sp @ BBSL (3)

Sphaeralcea coccinea @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Mertensiidae  Mertensia sp @ BBSL (1)
Oleaceae  Ligustrum vulgare @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Syringa vulgaris @ AMNH_BEE (2)
Onagraceae  Gayophytum sp @ BBSL (1)
Oxalidaceae  Oxalis stricta @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Papaveraceae  Eschscholzia @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Polycitoridae  Salix sp @ BBSL (7)
Polygonaceae  Eriogonum sp @ BBSL (1)
Primulaceae  Lysimachia ciliata @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Ranunculaceae  Delphinium nuttallianum @ RMBL_ENT (1)

Pulsatilla patens @ AMNH_BEE (13)

Ranunculus sp @ UCMS_ENT (1)
Rhamnaceae  Ceanothus americanus @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Rosaceae  Amelanchier sp @ BBSL (1)

Chamaebatiaria sp @ BBSL (1)

Crataegus punctata @ CUIC_ENT (1)

Fragaria sp @ BBSL (1)

Malus malus @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Malus sp @ BBSL (1)

Malus @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Pentaphylloides floribunda @ DART_ENT (1); RMBL_ENT (1)

Petrophyton caespitosum @ BBSL (1)

Potentilla gracilis @ RMBL_ENT (1)

Potentilla pulcherrima @ DART_ENT (1); RMBL_ENT (1)

Potentilla recta @ CUIC_ENT (2)

Prunus americana @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Prunus armeniaca @ BBSL (1)

Prunus persica @ BBSL (1); CUIC_ENT (1)

Prunus sp @ BBSL (4)

Prunus virginiana @ AMNH_BEE (3)

Prunus @ AMNH_BEE (8)

Rosa fendleri @ BBSL (6)

Rosa rugosa @ AMNH_BEE (2); UCMS_ENT (3)

Rosa sp @ BBSL (1)

Rosa @ AMNH_BEE (4)

Rubus sp @ BBSL (1)

Spiraea latifolia @ CUIC_ENT (2)

Spiraea @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Rutaceae  Citrus sp @ BBSL (1)
Rykken, j.  1281 @ JRYA__NOCA (1)

1322 @ JRYA__NOCA (1)

1361 @ JRYA__OLYM (1)

1463 @ JRYA__OLYM (1)

1487 @ JRYA__OLYM (5)

1509 @ JRYA__OLYM (4)

1535 @ JRYA__OLYM (1)

1537 @ JRYA__OLYM (1)

154 @ JRYA__NOCA (1)

1559 @ JRYA__OLYM (1)

1562 @ JRYA__OLYM (1)

1668 @ JRYA__NOCA (3)

1793 @ JRYA__NOCA (1)

1821 @ JRYA__NOCA (4)

1857 @ JRYA__NOCA (1)

1871 @ JRYA__NOCA (5)

244 @ JRYA__OLYM (1)

476 @ JRYA__NOCA (1)
Salicaceae  Salix achillea @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Salix ligulifolia @ BBSL (1)

Salix @ AMNH_BEE (19)
Saxifragaceae  Astilbe @ UCRC_ENT (1)

Saxifraga @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Scrophulariaceae  Penstemon caryi @ BBSL (1)

Penstemon sp @ BBSL (1)
Solanaceae  Physalis philadelphica @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Solanum tuberosum @ BBSL (1)
Tamaricaceae  Tamarix sp @ BBSL (2)
Valerianaceae  Valeriana occidentalis @ DART_ENT (1)
Verbenaceae  Verbena hastata @ AMNH_BEE (2)
Violaceae  Viola praemorsa @ DART_ENT (1)
_  Apiaceae sp @ BBSL (2)

Bee @ LAR (2)

Brassicaceae sp @ BBSL (1)

M Spring @ PN- (2)

Withheld @ BBSL__YOSE (25); BBSL (268); BBSL__ZION (18); BBSL__PINN (2)

apple @ NLA (8)

blueberry @ NLA (7)

caneberry @ NLA (19)

cucurbit @ NLA (2)

male @ I_JSA (1)

strawberry @ NLA (1)

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Updated: 2024-03-19 02:18:55 gmt
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