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Halobatrachus didactylus, Lusitanian toadfish : fisheries
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Halobatrachus didactylus
Picture by
Wirtz, P.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Batrachoidiformes
(Toadfishes) >
Batrachoididae
(Toadfishes) > Halophryninae
Etymology:
Halobatrachus:
Greek, als, alis = salt + Greek, batrachos = frog (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on authors:
Bloch
&
Schneider
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 10 - 50 m (Ref.
2683
). Subtropical; 45°N - 4°N, 18°W - 17°E
Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay to Ghana, including the western Mediterranean. Reported from the Gambia River (Ref.
28587
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
26999
); common length : 35.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
3397
)
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 19-21. Caudal fin rounded (Ref.5377).
Sedentary species which occurs on soft sand or mud, often partly buried or concealed in rock crevices, solitary in shallow water. Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks and small fishes (Ref.
7405
). The female lays eggs which are large enough and which are turned over to the males who guard them (Ref.
5377
). A species that is not venomous (Dr. Andread Kunznmann, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), pers. communication 10/2021).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Bauchot, M.-L.
, 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref.
3397
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
10 July 2012
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 15.5 - 27.5, mean 19.8 °C (based on 74 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00470 - 0.02937), b=3.04 (2.83 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.0 ±0.64 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Unknown
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 65.9 [35.0, 131.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.966 [0.578, 1.659] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.6, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.399 [0.239, 0.671] g/100g; Selenium = 23.4 [12.6, 50.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.9 [5.2, 48.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.709 [0.531, 0.999] mg/100g (wet weight);
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