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Overview |
Main identification features
Body deep, compressed, back high; head compressed, pointed, profile from snout to nape ~straight; eye large; mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projects to join forehead profile, top jawbone wide; teeth small, simple, in bands on jaws & roof of mouth; preopercle serrated; 29-32 long, slender rakers on 1st gill arch; lateral line from operculum to tail, follows humped contour of back; scales small, rough, on head, snout and jaws; dorsal X,10-11; anal III,9, spines increase in length to rear; pelvics inserted immediately behind pectoral base, reach to anus; tail very slightly concave.
Pale greenish-grey, silvery grey below; conspicuous dark line along lateral line; fine pale; iris whitish.
Size: 50 cm.
Habitat: demersal on rocky bottoms.
Depth: 10-55 m.
Ecuador and Peru, the Galapagos.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 55 m.
Depth Range Min: 10 m.
Diet: bony fishes; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs).
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=2; Southern limit=-20; Western limit=-93; Eastern limit=-70; Latitudinal range=22; Longitudinal range=23.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 50 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Peruvian province, primarily; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Hooker, Y., 1998., Fauna asociada a las aguas cálidas presentes en la Bahía de Pucusana durante El Niño 1997-98, Junio a Julio de 1997., Instituto del Mar del Peru, Informe., 85:3-20.
- Humann, P., 1993., Reef Fish Identification: Galapagos., New World Publishing:192pp.
- McCosker , J.E. and Humann, P.H., 1996., New records of Galápagos fishes., Charles Darwin Foundation, Noticias de Galápagos., 56:18-26.
- Molina, L., Danulat, E., Oviedo, M., González, J.A., 2004., Guía de especies de interés pesquero en la Reserva Marina de Galápagos., Fundación Charles Darwin / Agencia Espeñola de Cooperación Internacional / Dirección Parque Nacional Galápagos, 115pp.
- Tschudi, J. J. von., 1846., Ichthyologie. Pp. ii-xxx + 1-35, Pls. 1-6. In: Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana., Scheitlin & Zollikofer:1-693.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Hemilutjanus&speciesname=macrophthalmos ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Hemilutjanus&speciesname=macrophthalmos http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Hemilutjanus&speciesname=macrophthalmos ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Hemilutjanus&speciesname=macrophthalmos https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Hemilutjanus&speciesname=macrophthalmos ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Hemilutjanus-macrophthalmos.html
Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos, Grape-eye seabass : fisheries
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Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos
Picture by
Béarez, P.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Acropomatiformes
(Oceanic basses) >
Malakichthyidae
(Temperate ocean-basses)
Etymology:
Hemilutjanus:
Greek, hemi = the half + see under Lutjanus
.
Issue
Family placement uncertain; see also the genus account: incertae sedis in Percoidei, Johnson, 1984.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; pelagic-neritic; depth range 10 - 55 m (Ref.
104864
). Tropical; 2°N - 54°S, 92°W - 70°W
Southeast Pacific: Peru to Chile and the Galapagos Islands.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
28023
); max. published weight: 1.7 kg (Ref.
53696
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 10;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 10-11;
Anal
spines
: 3. Deep, compressed body, brown, somewhat lighter on the lower half; a dark streak along the lateral line. Large mouth, compressed head. Serrated preopercular margin. Lateral line complete. Small scales. Caudal fin emarginate (Ref.
28023
).
Found near drop-offs and among rock out-croppings over sand and rock, in depths greater than 10 meters. Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref.
28023
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg
, 1997. The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref.
28023
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Data deficient (DD)
; Date assessed:
21 May 2007
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: subsistence fisheries
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 16.5 - 23.1, mean 20.1 °C (based on 24 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00579 - 0.02614), b=3.00 (2.81 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.3 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Very high
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 92.6 [48.5, 191.1] mg/100g; Iron = 1.16 [0.58, 2.10] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.1, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.255 [0.149, 0.447] g/100g; Selenium = 37.4 [19.4, 79.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 48.9 [15.7, 164.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1 [1, 1] mg/100g (wet weight);
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Updated: 2024-03-29 04:51:27 gmt
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