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Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos (Tschudi, 1845)
GRAPE-EYE SEABASS
Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Serranidae   Hemilutjanus

Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos
© Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0
Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos

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Overview
Main identification features Body deep, compressed, back high; head compressed, pointed, profile from snout to nape ~straight; eye large; mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projects to join forehead profile, top jawbone wide; teeth small, simple, in bands on jaws & roof of mouth; preopercle serrated; 29-32 long, slender rakers on 1st gill arch; lateral line from operculum to tail, follows humped contour of back; scales small, rough, on head, snout and jaws; dorsal X,10-11; anal III,9, spines increase in length to rear; pelvics inserted immediately behind pectoral base, reach to anus; tail very slightly concave.

Pale greenish-grey, silvery grey below; conspicuous dark line along lateral line; fine pale; iris whitish.

Size: 50 cm.

Habitat: demersal on rocky bottoms.

Depth: 10-55 m.

Ecuador and Peru, the Galapagos.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 55 m.
Depth Range Min: 10 m.
Diet: bony fishes; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs).
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=2; Southern limit=-20; Western limit=-93; Eastern limit=-70; Latitudinal range=22; Longitudinal range=23.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 50 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Peruvian province, primarily; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
  • Hooker, Y., 1998., Fauna asociada a las aguas cálidas presentes en la Bahía de Pucusana durante El Niño 1997-98, Junio a Julio de 1997., Instituto del Mar del Peru, Informe., 85:3-20.
  • Humann, P., 1993., Reef Fish Identification: Galapagos., New World Publishing:192pp.
  • McCosker , J.E. and Humann, P.H., 1996., New records of Galápagos fishes., Charles Darwin Foundation, Noticias de Galápagos., 56:18-26.
  • Molina, L., Danulat, E., Oviedo, M., González, J.A., 2004., Guía de especies de interés pesquero en la Reserva Marina de Galápagos., Fundación Charles Darwin / Agencia Espeñola de Cooperación Internacional / Dirección Parque Nacional Galápagos, 115pp.
  • Tschudi, J. J. von., 1846., Ichthyologie. Pp. ii-xxx + 1-35, Pls. 1-6. In: Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana., Scheitlin & Zollikofer:1-693.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos, Grape-eye seabass : fisheries
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Common name (e.g. trout)

Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua)

Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos ( Tschudi , 1846 )

Grape-eye seabass Add your observation in Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Pictures | Google image Image of Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos (Grape-eye seabass) Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos
Picture by Béarez, P.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Acropomatiformes (Oceanic basses) > Malakichthyidae (Temperate ocean-basses)
Etymology: Hemilutjanus: Greek, hemi = the half + see under Lutjanus .

Issue
Family placement uncertain; see also the genus account: incertae sedis in Percoidei, Johnson, 1984.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; pelagic-neritic; depth range 10 - 55 m (Ref. 104864 ). Tropical; 2°N - 54°S, 92°W - 70°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Southeast Pacific: Peru to Chile and the Galapagos Islands.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 28023 ); max. published weight: 1.7 kg (Ref. 53696 )

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10-11; Anal spines : 3. Deep, compressed body, brown, somewhat lighter on the lower half; a dark streak along the lateral line. Large mouth, compressed head. Serrated preopercular margin. Lateral line complete. Small scales. Caudal fin emarginate (Ref. 28023 ).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Found near drop-offs and among rock out-croppings over sand and rock, in depths greater than 10 meters. Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 28023 ).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg , 1997. The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref. 28023 )

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )

  Data deficient (DD)  ; Date assessed: 21 May 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361 )

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: subsistence fisheries FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 16.5 - 23.1, mean 20.1 °C (based on 24 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00579 - 0.02614), b=3.00 (2.81 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  4.3   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies. Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Very high . Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 92.6 [48.5, 191.1] mg/100g; Iron = 1.16 [0.58, 2.10] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.1, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.255 [0.149, 0.447] g/100g; Selenium = 37.4 [19.4, 79.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 48.9 [15.7, 164.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1 [1, 1] mg/100g (wet weight);

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Updated: 2024-03-29 04:51:27 gmt
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