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Heterodontus ramalheira, Whitespotted bullhead shark : aquarium
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Whitespotted bullhead shark
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Heterodontus ramalheira
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Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) >
Heterodontiformes
(Bullhead and horn sharks) >
Heterodontidae
(Bullhead, horn, or Port Jackson sharks)
Etymology:
Heterodontus:
heteros
(Gr.), different; o
dontos
(Gr.), tooth, referring to pointy teeth (for clutching prey) at front of jaws, different than rounded molar-like teeth (for grinding hard-shelled invertebrates) at the back. (
See ETYFish
)
;
ramalheira:
In honor of João Ramalheira, captain of the trawler from which holotype was collected, and “who has brought in much valuable scientific material” [presumably a noun in apposition, without the patronymic “
i
”]. (
See ETYFish
)
.
More on author:
Smith
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 40 - 305 m (Ref.
106604
), usually 100 - ? m (Ref.
43278
). Deep-water; 22°N - 26°S, 30°E - 60°E
Western Indian Ocean: off southern Mozambique and Natal, South Africa (Ref.
5578
), also off the eastern shore of the Arabian Peninsula.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 64.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
247
); 83.0 cm TL (female)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 2;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 0;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 0. Dark red-brown with scattered white spots (Ref.
6576
).
Found on the outer continental shelf and uppermost slopes (Ref.
247
,
43278
). Benthic (Ref.
43278
). Feeds on crabs (Ref.
5578
,
43278
). Oviparous (Ref.
50449
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Oviparous (Ref.
50449
). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref.
205
).
Compagno, L.J.V.
, 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref.
247
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Data deficient (DD)
; Date assessed:
24 April 2018
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: public aquariums
FAO - Fisheries:
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 17.9 - 21.8, mean 19.1 °C (based on 15 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5059 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00166 - 0.00872), b=3.15 (2.95 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.5 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
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- 20 July 2016
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