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- Australian Faunal Directory
- FishBase
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Overview | |
Main identification features
Six large gill slits, none over pectoral base; head and snout wide, rounded; eyes relatively small; upper teeth small, with 1 large oblique point; lower teeth large, wide with saw-like row of small teeth along top; 1 dorsal fin, at rear of body near tail; tail with small lower lobe.
Grey to black above, paler to white below, no dark spots.
Size: 482 cm.
Habitat: bottom and mid-water.
Depth: 0-3000 m.
A warm to cold temperate, circumglobal species that enters the northern and southern fringes of our region (southern Baja California and southern Colombia to Peru).
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ); Antitropical (North and South temperate).
Depth Range Max: 3000 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: sea snakes/mammals/turtles/birds; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); octopus/squid/cuttlefish; sharks/rays; bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=49; Southern limit=-42; Western limit=-124; Eastern limit=-73; Latitudinal range=91; Longitudinal range=51.
Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Circumtropical ( Indian + Pacific + Atlantic Oceans); East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); Transisthmian (East Pacific + Atlantic of Central America); East Pacific + all Atlantic (East+West); All Pacific (West + Central + East); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Sand & gravel; Rocks; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef and soft bottom; Water column.
Inshore Offshore: In & Offshore; Offshore; Inshore.
IUCN Red List: Near threatened; Listed.
Length Max: 482 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Continent only; California + Peruvian provinces, primarily; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Acevedo , G. , Rubio , E. A. and Zapata, L. A., 1998., Primer hallazgo del tiburon cañabota Hexanchus griseus (Bonaterre, 1788) (Pisces: Chondrichthyes, Hexanchidae) en aguas del pacifico tropical americano., Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost., 27:39-44.
- Bonnaterre, J. P., 1788., Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie. Paris., Tabl. Encyclop. Méthod. Ichthyol., :1-215.
- Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498.
- Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from Australian Faunal Directory
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| &pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/2cf8bb67-a70c-454f-8f5c-e69409d1e613 |
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Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Hexanchus&speciesname=griseus ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Hexanchus&speciesname=griseus
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Hexanchus&speciesname=griseus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Hexanchus&speciesname=griseus
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Hexanchus&speciesname=griseus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Hexanchus-griseus.html
Hexanchus griseus, Bluntnose sixgill shark : fisheries, gamefish
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Hexanchus griseus
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Murch, A.
Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) >
Hexanchiformes
(Frill and cow sharks) >
Hexanchidae
(Cow sharks)
Etymology:
Hexanchus:
hex
(Gr.), six;
anchus
, etymology unclear, perhaps
anchos
(Gr.), choke or throttle, referring to how six gill openings of
H. griseus
extend down onto the throat. (
See ETYFish
)
;
griseus:
Medieval Latin for gray, reflecting the French vernacular “Le Griset,†referring to its dark-gray coloration. (
See ETYFish
)
.
More on author:
Bonnaterre
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathydemersal; oceanodromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 1 - 2500 m (Ref.
58302
), usually 180 - 1100 m (Ref.
45445
). Subtropical; 6°C - 10°C (Ref.
125614
); 65°N - 48°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal with patchy distribution and possibly absent from Arctic and Antarctic. Highly migratory species.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
441.0
, range 400 - 482 cm
Max length : 600 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
124786
); common length : 300 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5217
); max. published weight: 590.0 kg (Ref.
27436
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 0;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 0. A heavily-bodied, broad-headed sixgill shark, mouth ventral with 6 rows of lower, bladelike, comb-shaped teeth on each side (Ref.
247
). Snout broadly rounded, body fusiform (Ref.
6871
). Anal fin smaller than dorsal fin (Ref.
6871
). Brown or grey above, paler below, with a light stripe along side (Ref.
26346
). Fins with white edges (Ref.
6574
). Live specimens with fluorescent green eyes (Ref.
6871
). Six gill slits are very long (Ref.
35388
).
Depth range reported at 0m-2500m (Ref.
125614
). A deepwater species of the outer continental and insular shelves and upper slopes (Ref.
6871
,
75154
), islands, seamounts and mid-ocean ridges (Ref.
125614
). Near bottom, occasionally pelagic, adults usually below 91 m (Ref.
58302
). Juveniles may be found close inshore (Ref.
6871
), while nursery areas are in very shallow waters (Ref.
125614
). Found on the bottom by day, moving to the surface at night to feed, and where it may take longlines set for other species (Ref.
45445
). Depth distribution related to growth and temperature, with juveniles having most shallow records and from colder, poleward regions (Ref.
58302
). Generally occurs at a bottom temperature of 6 to 10°C (Ref.
125614
). Feeds on a wide range of marine organisms, including other sharks, rays, chimaeras, bony fish, squids, crabs, shrimps, carrion, and even seals (Ref.
26969
). Large sharks (at least 2m) take cetaceans and seals. Viviparous, very large litters of 47-108 pups (Ref.
125614
). Give birth to almost 100 young (Ref.
35388
). Young and adults may be segregated, with the young using inshore nursery grounds. Possibly long-lived (Ref.
125614
). Is a eurytrophic predator that is capable of exploiting a wide range of prey species and habitats (Ref.
26969
). A vertical migrant, it may sit on the bottom by day, and rise to the surface at night to feed (Ref.
247
). It occurs alone or in groups. Adults are more sensitive to light than the juveniles and less seen in clear shallow waters, but more prevalent at night or areas with dense plankton blooms (Ref.
125614
). It is locally common in bycatch and target fisheries for food, fishmeal and oil, and in sports fisheries, but vulnerable to overfishing and requires careful management (Ref.
125614
). Marketed fresh, frozen, or dried salted (Ref.
247
). Not known to have attacked people without provocation (Ref.
247
).
Viviparous, very large litters of 47-108 pups (Ref.
125614
). Size at birth 60-75 cm (Ref.
26346
). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref.
205
).
Ebert, D.A., S. Fowler and M. Dando
, 2021. Sharks of the World: A complete guide. Princeton University Press, 607p. (Ref.
125614
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Near Threatened (NT)
(A2bd); Date assessed:
21 November 2019
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Other (Ref.
4690
)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO - Fisheries:
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 3.6 - 15.7, mean 8.1 °C (based on 3800 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.8281 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00117 (0.00066 - 0.00209), b=3.18 (3.01 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec= 22-108).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Unknown
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 8.75 [2.27, 47.99] mg/100g; Iron = 0.664 [0.163, 2.072] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.5, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.24 [0.10, 0.59] g/100g; Selenium = 79.6 [24.5, 261.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.68 [0.99, 13.90] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.324 [0.155, 0.615] mg/100g (wet weight);
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Updated: 2024-04-19 09:22:37 gmt
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