© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12 Himantura pacifica Click on map for details about points. IDnature guides Fish Fish species NCSM SFTEP Links We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. FishBase 80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 Set display option above. Click on images to enlarge. © Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12 Himantura pacifica © Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12 Himantura pacifica © Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12 Himantura pacifica 4 thumbnails  •  slide show español Overview Main identification features use genus Disc rounded, with small, somewhat pointed, protuberance at snout tip; "wings" of disc rounded; tail with 2 long spines, without keel or fold on upper surface and with a low keel, but without fold, on lower surface; upper surface of disc and base of tail covered with coarse denticles. Dark purplish brown to black on upper surface, pale underside. Size: width of disc to 62 cm and maximum total length of 157 cm. Inhabits silty or muddy bottoms. Depth: to 30 m. Central Mexico to Panama, also common at Galapagos. Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo). Depth Range Max: 30 m. Depth Range Min: 0 m. Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes; mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; mobile benthic worms. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=23; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-106; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=25; Longitudinal range=28. Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva; No pelagic phase. Feeding Group: Carnivore. FishBase Habitat: Demersal. Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species. Habitat: Mud; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom only; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove). Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 62 cm. Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Marine; Brackish. Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only; Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Links to other sites Fishbase Catalog of Fishes Integrated Taxonomic Information System References Beebe , W. and Tee-Van, J., 1941., Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXVIII. Fishes from the tropical eastern Pacific. (From Cedros Island, Lower California, South to the Galápagos Islands and northern Peru.) Part 3. Rays, mantas and chimaeras., Zoologica, 26(3):245-280. Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741. Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142. Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp. Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498. Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200. Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26. Lovejoy , N. R. , Bermingham , E. and Martin, A. P., 1998., Marine incursion into South America., Nature, 396:421-422. Acknowledgements Ross Robertson, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page. Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Himantura&speciesname=pacifica ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Himantura&speciesname=pacifica http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Himantura&speciesname=pacifica ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Himantura&speciesname=pacifica https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Himantura&speciesname=pacifica ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Himantura-pacifica.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Species in    Styracura Species in    Potamotrygonidae - Classification - Styracurinae Potamotrygonidae Myliobatiformes Elasmobranchii Chordata Animalia Styracura pacifica ( Beebe & Tee-Van , 1941 ) Pacific chupare Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Google image Styracura pacifica Picture by Robertson, R. Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) > Styracurinae Etymology: Styracura: From Greek στυÏ�αξ (= (styrax), meaning "spine at the butt end of a spear" (Brown, 1954), and ουÏ�α (=oura) meaning tail, a suffix commonly used since Müller & Henle (1837) for whiptailed stingrays; referring to its greatly elongated caudal stings. . More on authors: Beebe & Tee-Van . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; demersal. Tropical Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica and the Galapagos Islands. Validity of this species questioned in Compagno's 1999 checklist (Ref. 35766 ). Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm Max length : 150 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9254 ) Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) On soft bottoms in shallow waters. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449 ). Venomous spine on tail. Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449 ). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205 ). Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Carvalho, Marcelo | Collaborators McEachran, J.D. , 1995. Dasyatidae. Rayas-látigo. p. 752-755. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9254 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )   Vulnerable (VU)  (A2cd); Date assessed: 24 February 2020 CITES Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans   Venomous (Ref. 9254 ) Human uses FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Electrophoreses Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.2   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Assuming fecundity<100). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100). Comments & Corrections Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : Laguna, Philippines Page last modified by : mrius-barile Updated: 2024-04-25 13:21:31 gmt FishBase | Search | All Living Things | Top © Designed by The Polistes Corporation