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Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Eastern Central Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref.
13121
).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
22.0
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
4858
); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
3797
); max. published weight: 1.6 kg (Ref.
26340
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 14;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 19-21;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 20 - 21. Tail and pectoral fins entirely yellow. Black spot on forehead has electric blue spots and is surrounded by narrow, electric blue ring. Large blue spot at base of pectoral fin (Ref.
26938
). Adults develop short spines on the margin. The color of large adults is purplish blue with yellow-orange rims to the scales; head above eye dark blue, below greenish yellow; mouth, chin, throat, chest and abdomen purplish blue (Ref.
13442
)
Found on coral reefs. Generally occurs solitarily or in pairs. Moves gracefully between seafans, seawhips, and corals (Ref.
9710
). Stomach contents of 26 specimens indicate that the species feeds almost exclusively on sponges supplemented by small amounts of algae, tunicates, hydroids and bryozoans. Young pick ectoparasites from other fishes (Ref.
9710
). Marketed fresh (Ref.
3797
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 24.2 - 28, mean 26.7 °C (based on 220 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03162 (0.01629 - 0.06139), b=2.89 (2.72 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
High
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 23.7 [10.8, 43.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.489 [0.281, 0.849] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.085, 0.251] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [8.3, 37.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.8 [8.6, 142.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.792 [0.515, 1.183] mg/100g (wet weight);
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- 20 July 2016
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