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Reprinted with Permission from: R.J. Oram. 2018. Revision of the Genus Hylaeus Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) in Canada. Master’s Thesis University of Regina
Diagnosis: Females of Hylaeus illinoisensis are similar to H. modestus, H. affinis and H. gaigei. They can be distinguished from H. modestus and H. affinsi by the impunctate T1 in H. illinoisensis and the punctate T1 in H. modestus, and H. affinis. They can be distinguished from H. gaigei by the large lower paraocular maculations in H. illinoisensis and the reduced to absent lower paraocular maculations in H. gaigei. Males of Hylaeus illinoisensis are similar to H. modestus and H. gaigei. They can be distinguished from H.
modestus by the impunctate T1 in H. illinoisensis and the punctate T1 in H. modestus. They can be distinguished by H. gaigei by the the pubescence being sparse on the thorax in H. illinoisensis and the dense white pubescence coving the thorax in H. gaigei.
Females: average face width = 1.84mm; average thorax length = 1.98mm; average intertegular width = 1.17mm; average forewing length = 4.18mm. (n=5) Black, except for pale yellow maculation on lower paraocular area, extending from malar area to level of antennal sockets; flagellum feruginous on the lower surface; lateral
yellow maculations on pronotal collar (these well-separated medially), pronotal lobes, fore tibiae maculation covering basal 1/3, mid tibia with a basal dot, and hind tibia on basal 1/4; wings clear, faintly brown, with brown veins, forewing with base of vein C pale yellow.
Head: Scape straight, with dense, shallow punctures (interspaces hardly visible), F1 quadrate, F2 broader than long, about half the length of F1, F3–F9 quadrate and subequal in length to F1, F10 slightly longer than broad; clypeus as long as broad, impunctate and tesselate; superclypeal area with dense shallow punctures (i < 1pd) basally between antennal sockets, becoming sparse apically (i > 1pd); upper paraocular area shallow punctures (interspace hardly visible); frons with dense, course punctures (i < 1pd), with
smooth interspaces; vertexal area, with dense punctures (interspaces hardly visible); compound eyes with inner margin very weakly converging below; facial fovea short, with lower margin just above level of bend in the inner eye margin, extending to just
below upper curve of eye, fovea separated from upper margin of compound eye by width of fovea. Face with sparse, short pale hairs, longer erect hairs on clypeus, and between ocellus; mandibles with short erect hairs.
Thorax: Pronotal collar rounded anteriorly, with medial portion slightly thinner than lateral portions; mesoscutum with coarse and dense punctures (i = 1 pd), interspaces smooth; parapsidal lines deep, length of tegula; scutellum with punctation similar to mesoscutumn; metanotum rugose; mesepisternum with anterior and lateral faces rounded, punctures shallow and sparse (i > 3pd), with interspaces smooth; metepisternum rugulose; propodeum with basal area heavily rugose, width less than metanotum, rounded onto the posterior surface, posterior and lateral surfaces, with small, punctures course and
dense, interspaces < 1pd, and smooth, posterior surface separated from the lateral surface by a weak carina; fore coxae rounded. Mesoscutum with sparse short, erect, pale simple hairs; scutelum with sparse erect, pale, simple hairs about 2x longer than those of mesocutumn; metanotum with short, pale, simple hairs, with elongate, white branched hairs laterally; pleuron with short, erect white hairs, intermixed with long, erect white hairs; propodeum with short, flat, white branched hairs on posterior surface and lateral surfaces; foreleg with short white branched hairs on coxa, erect pale hairs on femur, flattened pale hairs on tibia, long, sparse pale hairs on basitarsus and mediotarsus; mid leg with short branched white hairs on coxa, mixture of short pale hairs and erect dark hairs on femur, short, flat pale hairs on tibia, long, sparse pale hairs on basitarsus and mediotarsus; hind leg with short, semi–erect white hairs on coxa; with short, pale hairs throughout on remaining segments, with erect hairs intermixed on basitarsus and mediotarsus.
Abdomen: T1with pale apical fasciae laterally, surface smooth and shiny, with small punctures on lateral sides (i = 2pd), T2 –T5 with puncturing and sculpturing similar to T1, with small pits from which short, fine pale white hairs arise, T6 smooth. T5 with
apical edge with sparse, short, erect, golden hairs, T6 with dark, erect, hairs on throughout, with long, erect, dark hairs intermixed laterally; S1–S6 smooth; S1–4 with sparse, simple black hairs, S5 with short, dark, erect hairs with a line of sparse black hairs delimiting an apical dark brown crescent; S6 with long dark hairs.
Males: average face width = 1.66mm; average thorax length =
1.72mm; average intertegular width = 1.04mm; average forewing length = 3.86mm. (n=5) Black, except for clypeus, supraclypeal area, sides of face with maculation covering lower paraocular area extending from malar area to above antennal sockets, not separate from the eye, and tapered or truncate; flagellum ferruginous on the lower surface;
pronotal collar with small yellow maculations on lateral portions; pronotal lobes; fore tibiae entirely maculated on dorsal side, basitarus and meditarsus yellow, mid tibia with basal 2/3 and apical band, basitarsus and meditarsus yellow, hind tibia with maculation
on basal 1/2 and apical band, basitarsus and meditarsus yellow; wings brown and clear, with brown veins, forewing with base of vein C pale yellow.
Head: Scape slightly curved, width subequal to flagellum, with dense, shallow punctures covering surface, F1 slightly broader than large, F2–F10 quadrate, F11 longer than broad; clypeus as long as broad with shallow punctures (i = 1pd) with smooth interspaces;
supraclypeal area short, about half the length of clypeus, and impunctate; upper paraocular area and frons with punctures dense and coarse (interspaces hardly visible); vertexal area slightly elevated, densely punctured (i < 1pd) with smooth interspaces; compound eyes with inner margin slightly converging below; facial fovea restricted to the upper apex of the compound eye. F1–F11 with dense, flat, short, golden simple hairs, scape with few branched hairs basally, face with sparse, short pale hairs, with long, erect pale hairs at the top of the vertexal area; mandibles with short erect hairs; genal area with
short white branched hairs.
Thorax: Pronotal collar rounded anteriorly, the width uniform throughout; mesoscutum with punctures coarse and dense (interspaces hardly visible); parapsidal lines faint, and short about 1/2 the length of the tegula; scutellum with course close punctures (i = 1pd)
with interspaces smooth; metanotum with surface rugosopunctate; mesepisternum with anterior and lateral faces rounded, punctures course and deep (i < 1pd) with interspaces smooth; metepisternum rugose; propodeum with basal area heavily rugose, width shorter
than metanotum, rounded onto the posterior surface, posterior and lateral surfaces surface rugosopunctate, with the surfaces separated by a strong carina; fore coxae rounded. Mesoscutum with short, erect, pale simple hairs; scutellum with short, erect, white hairs,
intermixed with longer, erect, pale simple hairs; metanotum with long, white, branched hairs laterally; pleuron with sparse, long, white, branched hairs; propodeum with long, white branched hairs; foreleg with long white branched hairs on coxa, erect pale hairs on
femur, flattened pale hairs on tibia, long, sparse pale hairs on tibia; mid leg with short simple hairs throughout, with erect hairs on the tarsi and basitarsi intermixed, hind leg with short, white, branched, hairs on coxa; with short, pale hairs throughout on remaining segments, with erect hairs intermixed on basitarsus.
Abdomen: T1 with pale apical fasciae laterally, T1 impunctate, T1–T7 with small pits from which long, fine pale white hairs arise causing the surface to look roughened, T5–T7 with intermixed longer, erect, golden hairs; S1–S6 smooth, with small pits from which
small fine pale white hairs arise, S5 with long dark erect hairs laterally, S6 with erect dark hairs on apical half.
Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1960 Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 141.
FEMALE�Length 6-7 mm.; black; antennae black above, piceous below; face marks yellow, triangular, entirely filling area between clypeus, eyes and antennae, terminating obliquely on eye margin at level of antennae; tubercles and two conspicuous maculae on collar yellow; tegulae piceous, not maculated; wings subhyaline, veins and stigma piceous; front and mid tibiae with basal yellow spots slightly more than a third of their length; slightly more than basal half of hind tibiae yellow; legs otherwise black; spurs yellowish; face somewhat narrowed below; cheeks sub- equal to eyes in width in lateral view; foveae linear, deep and distinct, separated from eye by a space of about equal width, markedly divergent from eye above; inner orbits slightly elevated above level of eyes; 2nd segment of flagellum slightly broader than long, these dimensions subequal in 1st and 3rd segments, following segments slightly longer; front coxae simple; dorsal area of propodeum about as long as metanotum, coarsely reticulate, as also the posterior surface which is bounded by a low carina and with a deep median groove, surface somewhat obscured by greyish tomentum, lateral surfaces finely rugose; metanotum densely and finely rugose; face below antennae tessellate, sparsely and very shallowly and obscurely punctate; surface above antennae closely, deeply and rather coarsely punctate, subrugose; scutum quite coarsely and deeply punctate, close but not crowded, tessellate between punctures; punctures of scutellum slightly more sparse, deep and separate; pleura dull, densely tessellate, with coarse, shallow, well separated punctures; basal segment of abdomen shining, nearly impunctate, 2nd and following segments less shining, with rather close and very minute punctures.
MALE�Length 5-6 mm.; black; antennae blackish above, brownish beneath; scape, mandibles and labrum black; tegulae piceous, not maculated; wings subhyaline, veins and stigma brownish; maculations yellow, as follows: entire face below antennae, supraclypeal mark subquardrate, somewhat rounded above between antennae, face marks contiguous with antenna, fossa on outer side, obliquely truncate just above antennae, tubercles and two small spots on collar, all the tibiae, tarsi and spurs, but front and mid tibiae with large ferruginous blotches on under side, partially encircling mid tibiae; face narrowed below; cheeks slightly narrower than eyes; scape somewhat robust, diameter at apex considerably exceeding diameter of flagellum, 1st and 2nd segments of flagellum about as long as broad, following segments somewhat longer; front coxae simple; dorsal area of propodeum slightly longer than metanotum, very coarsely reticulate, as also posterior surface which is delimited by a low, barely evident carina, this interrupted medially above, lateral surfaces finely, irregularly rugose; punctures of scutum deep and quite coarse, crowded anteriorly, close over remainder of disc, well separated but not sparse on scutellum; quite coarse and well separated on pleura; basal segment of abdomen shining, impunctate, 2nd and following segments closely and very minutely punctate; wings of 7th sternum crescentic, the outer concave margin fringed with fine setae; distal pedicel of 8th sternum rather narrow, truncate apically; penis valves of genital armature not attaining tips of gonostyli, the latter rather robust, narrowly rounded apically.
DISTRIBUTION�Illinois and West Virginia to New York, Massachusetts and Maine; June, July and August.
FLOWER RECORDS�Only one flower record has been seen by the writer, a male having been collected by H. V. Weems, Jr. on Apocynum cannabinum in Raleigh Co., W. Va., June 6, 1955. Robertson (1929) records illinoensis on the following: Aruncus, Aster, Cicuta, Cornus, Crataegus, Eulophus, Gonolobus, Heracleum, Lycopus, Osmorrhiza, Pastinaca, Rhus, Salix, Solidago, Taenidia, Thaspium and Viburnum.
At the time that certus was described it was believed that illinoensis was a synonym of modestus, having been recognized as a variety of that species by Metz (1911), and later reduced to synonymy in the Catalog of Hymanoptera (Muesebeck, et al, 1951, p. 1051). Recently the writer had the opportunity to study the type of illinoensis at the Illinois Natural History Survey and found it to be similar in all respects to certus Mitchell.
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