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Lactoria diaphana (Bloch &. Schneider, 1801)
ROUNDBELLY COWFISH
Diaphanous Box-fish; Diaphanous Cowfish; Round-belly Cowfish; Thorny-back Cowfish; Translucent Boxfish; Transparent Boxfish; Ostracion diaphanus Bloch and Schneider, 1801; Spiny boxfish

Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Ostraciidae   Lactoria

Lactoria diaphana
© Copyright John Rangall, 2006 · 0
Lactoria diaphana
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Overview
Main identification features
  • body: hard box with 5 ridges
  • horns: eyes - 2, midback -1, belly - 2
  • mottled grey-brown
Body box like, belly round and wide; with 5 longitudinal ridges: 1 (weak) along top of back, a pair on upper back, a pair on lower flank; small spine in midback; spine before each eye; large spine at rear end of lower ridge; dorsal 9, anal 9, pectoral 10-11; tail rounded.

Grey to pale brown, indistinct dark blotches.

Size: 34 cm.

Habitat: adults benthic on rocky reefs; juveniles pelagic, sometimes enter estuaries.

Depth: 0-50 m.

Oceanic juveniles occur between California and the western Gulf of California and Peru and around the offshore islands.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 50 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: sessile molluscs; benthic microalgae; sessile crustacea; sponges/seasquirts/bryozoa; sessile worms.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=33; Southern limit=-6; Western limit=-118; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=39; Longitudinal range=40.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Omnivore; Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Flotsam; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Water column; Reef (rock &/or coral); Macroalgae; Corals; Estuary.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Offshore; In & Offshore.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 34 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Brackish.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Mid Water; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Bloch , M. E. and Schneider, J. G., 1801., M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Austoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum., Systema Ichthyol., :1-584.
  • Castro-Aguirre , J. L. , Balart , E. F. and Arvizu-Martínez, J., 1995., Contribución al conocimiento del origen y distribución de la ictiofauna del Golfo de California, México., Hidrobiologica, 5:57-78.
  • Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
  • Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
  • Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
  • Grove , J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J., 1997., The fishes of the Galápagos islands., Stanford University Press:863 pp.
  • Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
  • Klassen, G. J., 1995., Phylogeny and biogeography of the ostraciinae (Tetraodontiformes: Ostraciidae)., Bull. Mar. Sci., 57:393-441.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
  • Smith , M. M. and Heemstra, P., 1986., Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg: Macmillan South Africa. 1047 pp., Macmillan South Africa:1047pp.
  • Thomson , D.A. , Findley , L.T. and Kerstitch, A.N., 2000., Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez., University of Texas Press(Revised Ed.):353.
  • Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
  • Walker, B. W. and Baldwin, W. J., 1964., Provisional check list of fishes of the Revillagigedo islands., 18 pp.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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