|
Identification Summary: Large; hair gold-green; very similar to L. perpunctatum; mesepisturnum without any pits; T2 with much more appressed hair than most species particularly in a thick band along the base; abdominal segments often have an extremely high metallic, oil-can reflection; pits on scutum very dense, most touching, head tends toward elongation, but not absolute.
Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1960 Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 141.
FEMALE�-Length 6 mm; head, thorax and abdominal terga brassy-green, legs and abdominal sternum piceous; pubescence yellow, short but quite dense on thorax, cheeks, and over most of abdomen; length and breadth of head subequal; clypeus rather broad, somewhat convex, projecting more than one-half below suborbital line; eyes slightly convergent below; lateral ocelli slightly nearer eyes than to each other; cheeks subequal to eyes in width; face below ocelli shining, punctures deep and distinct, fine and close, becoming somewhat more irregular and obscure on vertex and upper portion of cheeks where they are obscured by the dense pubescence, cheeks below relatively bare, very finely striate, somewhat shining, hypostomal carinae subparallel; lower half of face shining, punctures less distinct, those on supraclypeal area finer, rather close, as also on upper margin of clypeus, but these becoming deeper, sparser and more distinct toward apical margin; scutum and scutellum rather dull, (fig. 99), punctures deep and distinct but rather fine, slightly separated in center of discs, but becoming densely crowded toward sides; pleura rather coarsely rugose above and anteriorly, becoming smooth and somewhat shining posteriorly; dorsal area of propodeum finely and rather irregularly striate, the striae approaching but not quite attaining the posterior margin, lateral surfaces somewhat shining, very finely roughened; wings hyaline, veins and stigma testaceous; tegulae ferruginous; abdominal terga shining where exposed, punctures minute, rather close, apical margins rather broadly but very slightly impressed, rims becoming yellowish-hyaline, terga 3-5 densely yellow tomentose.
MALE�Length 6 mm.; head and thorax brassy-green, abdomen more piceous, with faint metallic reflections; pubescence yellowish-white, short and rather dense on head and on thorax laterally; head slightly longer than broad; clypeus rather narrow, protuberant, projecting about two-thirds below suborbital line; eyes rather strongly convergent below; lateral ocelli considerably nearer eyes than to each other; antennae subequally distant from eyes and each other, basal segment of flagellum short, about as broad as long, slightly longer than pedicel, the following segments considerably longer, but hardly twice as long as broad, dark in color; cheeks subequal to eyes in width; face below ocelli rather dull, punctures closely crowded, deep and distinct, becoming somewhat more vague and obscure on shining vertex and upper cheeks, the latter shining below, very finely striate, hypostomal carinae parallel; lower half of face more shining, punctures less distinct but rather close, supraclypeal area rather finely and quite closely punctate, clypeus above with minute, well separated punctures, these becoming deep and distinct but still rather fine toward the apical margin which is narrowly yellow; scutum and scutellum rather dull, punctures deep and distinct, rather coarse, slightly separated in center of disc, but becoming closely crowded on each side; pleura dull, rather coarsely rugose; dorsal area of propodeum irregularly and rather finely rugoso-striate, the striae complete, lateral surfaces rather dull, obscurely and very finely rugoso-punctate; wings hyaline, veins and stigma brownish-testaceous; tegulae yellowish-hyaline; basal portions of legs piceous, tibiae piceous, except for the yellow base and apex of each, tarsi entirely yellow; abdominal terga shining, rather deeply and distinctly, although very finely and rather closely punctate, apical margins very narrowly yellowish, pubescence rather copious, but not hiding the surface; apical margin of sternum 5 straight; median lobe of sternum 7 subtruncate apically; gonostylus of armature as shown (fig. 102) ( retrorse lobe narrow and elongate, very finely short pubescent.
DISTRIBUTION�Minnesota to Nova Scotia, south to Georgia; March to October.
FLOWER RECORDS�Achillea, Althaea, Antennaria, A plum, Apocynum, Aronia, Asclepias, Aster, Brassica, Ceanothus, Chrysanthemum, Cirsium, Crataegus, Cucurbita, Diospyros, Erigeron, Fragaria, Gerardia, Haplopappus, Helenium, Helianthus, Heliopsis, Hypericum, Hypocharis, Lupinus. Malus, Medicago, Oenothera, Opuntia, Oxalis, Pentstemon, Potentilla, Prunus, Pyracantha, Pyrrhopappus, Pyrus, Rubus, Rudbeckia, Salix, Senecio, Solidago, Taraxacum, Tephrosia, Trifolium and Vaccinium. Robertson (1929) records pilosus on the following additional genera: Amelanchier, Ammannia, Amorpha, Blephilia, Brauneria, Camassia, Cardamine, Cassia, Cerastium, Cercis, Claytonia, Coreopsis, Cornus, Cryptotaenia, Dentaria, Dianthera, Erigenia, Eryngium, Erythronium, Euphorbia, Geranium, Geum, Gnaphalium, Heracleum, Houstonia, Hydrophyllum, Hypericum, Ilysanthes, Isanthus, Isopyrum, Krigia, Lactuca, Lippia, Lobelia, Ludwigia, Malva, Melilotus, Molluga, Monarda, Nelumbo, Nepeta, Osmorrhiza Parthenium, Petalostemum, Polemonium, Polygonum, Polytaenia, Ptelea, Pycnanthemum, Radicula, Ranunculus, Rhammus, Rhus, Sagittaria, Scutellaria, Silphium, Sisymbrium, Sisyrinchium, Stellaria, Verbena, Verbesina, Vernonia, Veronica, Viburnum, Viola and Zizia. Two more genera are listed by Brittain and Newton 1934, as follows: Diervilla and Raphanus.
Retrieved from: Gibbs, J. 2010. Revision of the metallic species of Lasioglossum (Dialictus)in Canada (Hymenoptera, Halictidae, Halictini). Zootaxa; 2591, 253-258
Halictus pilosus Smith, 1853: 71. ♀.
Holotype. ♀ North America [BMNH: B.M. Type 17a 1000]. Examined.
Halictus floridanus caesareus Cockerell, 1916: 11. ♀.
Holotype. ♀ USA, New Jersey, Ocean Grove, 12.vi.1893 [NMNH: 27761]. Examined.
Dialictus otsegoensis Mitchell, 1960: 440. ♂. [new synonymy]
Holotype. ♂ USA, Michigan, Ostego Co., 7�24.vii.1955 (R.R. Dreisbach); [NCSU]. Examined.
Taxonomy. Robertson, 1895: Halictus pilosus ♂, p. 117 (description); Robertson, 1902: Chloralictus pilosus,
p. 248 (key); Cockerell, 1905: Halictus pilosus ♀, p. 351 (redescription); Viereck, 1916: Halictus (Chloralictus)
pilosus, p. 706 (key); Michener, 1951: Lasioglossum (Chloralictus) floridanum caesareum, p. 1113, L.
(C.) pilosum, p. 1116 (catalogue); Mitchell, 1960: Dialictus pilosus pilosus ♀♂, p. 413 (redescription); Mitchell,
1962: Dialictus pilosus pilous, p. 547 (synonymy); Krombein, 1967: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) otsegoense,
p. 465, L. (D.) pilosum pilosum, p. 465 (catalogue); Dialictus otsegoensis, p. 1969, D. pilosus pilosus, p. 1970
(catalogue); Moure & Hurd, 1987: Dialictus otsegoensis, p. 118, D. pilosus pilosus, p. 123 (catalogue).
Diagnosis. Females of L. pilosum, L. leucocomum and L. succinipenne can be recognised by the combination
of an elongate head (length/width ratio = 1.03�1.09), dense mesoscutal punctation (i
Males of L. pilosum and L. succinipenne can be recognised by the yellow apical margin of the clypeus,
dense mesoscutal punctation and deep punctures across the metasomal terga. Male L. pilosum lack distinct
punctures on the mesepisternum (Fig. 58A) which are present in male L. succinipenne (Fig. 58B). Male L.
floridanum usually lack the yellow clypeal band and have weak metapostnotal rugae. The male of L. leucocomum
is currently unknown.
Redescription. FEMALE. Length 4.91�6.35 mm; head length 1.61�1.80 mm; head width 1.54�1.75 mm;
forewing length 3.72�4.27 mm.
Colouration. Head and mesosoma pale green to golden green. Clypeus with apical half blackish brown.
Supraclypeal area bronze. Antenna dark brown, flagellum with ventral surface reddish brown at apex. Tegula
amber. Wing membrane subhyaline, venation and pterostigma pale amber. Legs brown, protibial base and
medio- and distitarsi reddish brown. Metasomal terga golden green, sterna brown, apical margins pale, translucent
yellow.
Pubescence. Dull white to yellowish. Dense. Head and mesosoma with moderately dense woolly hairs (1�
1.5 OD), longest on genal beard, metanotum and mesopleuron (2�2.5 OD). Paraocular area and gena with
subappressed tomentum sometimes partially obscuring surface. Mesoscutum with dense setae. Propodeum
with moderately dense plumose hairs on lateral and posterior surfaces (2�2.5 OD). Metasomal terga with
dense, fine setae. T1 acarinarial fan complete and dense. T1 apicolateral portion with dense tomentum. T2
basal and lateral portions, and T3�T5 with dense tomentum obscuring surface. T2�T4 apical margins with
moderately dense fringes.
Surface sculpture. Face imbricate, punctation fine. Clypeus polished, imbricate, punctation (i=1�3d).
Supraclypeal area with punctation moderately dense (i=1�1.5d). Lower paraocular and antennocular areas
with punctation dense (i≤d). Upper paraocular area and frons punctate-reticulate. Ocellocular area minutely
punctate (i≤d). Gena and postgena lineolate. Mesoscutum weakly imbricate, punctation dense on medial portion
of disc (i
Structure. Head elongate (length/width ratio = 1.03�1.08). Eyes convergent below (UOD/LOD ratio =
1.18�1.22). Clypeus � below suborbital tangent, apicolateral margins weakly convergent. Antennal sockets
close (IAD/OAD < 0.5). Frontal line carinate, ending 2 OD below median ocellus. Gena narrower than eye.
Inner metatibial spur pectinate with 4 teeth. Metapostnotum truncate (MMR ratio = 1.27�1.38), posterior margin
weakly angled onto posterior surface. Propodeum with oblique carina fine, lateral carina weak, not reaching
dorsal margin.
MALE. Similar to female except for the usual secondary sexual characters and as follows. Length 5.12�
5.73 mm; head length 1.58�1.99 mm; head width 1.37�1.68 mm; forewing length 3.48�4.33 mm.
Colouration. Labrum brownish yellow. Mandible brownish yellow. Clypeus distal margin yellowish
brown, rarely brown. Flagellum with ventral surface ferruginous. Legs brown, tibial bases and apices and tarsi
brownish yellow.
Pubescence. Moderately dense. Face below eye emargination with tomentum obscuring paraocular area,
partially obscuring clypeus and supraclypeal area. T1 acarinarial area with sparse fan of appressed hairs. T2�
T3 basolaterally and T4 basally with sparse tomentum. S2�S3 entirely and S4 laterally with posteriorly
directed hair patches (1�1.5 OD).
Surface sculpture. Clypeal punctation moderately dense (i=1�2d). Propodeum with dorsolateral slope and
lateral and posterior surfaces rugulose. Metasomal terga punctation deep, distinct.
Structure. Head very elongate (length/width ratio = 1.13�1.17). Eyes convergent below (UOD/LOD ratio
= 1.35�1.64). Clypeus 2/3 below suborbital tangent, apicolateral margins subparallel. Antennal sockets distant
(IAD/OAD = 1.0). Frontal line carinate, ending 2 OD below median ocellus. Pedicel shorter than F1. F2
length 1.6�1.8X F1. F2�F10 moderately elongate (length/width ratio = 1.55�1.64). Metapostnotum truncate
(MMR ratio = 1.21�1.35), posterior margin weakly angled onto posterior surface.
Terminalia. S7 with median lobe clavate, apex rounded (Fig. 181D). S8 with apicomedial margin weakly
convex (Fig. 181D). Genitalia as in Fig. 181D�E. Gonobase with ventral arms widely separated. Gonostylus
small, dorsal setae elongate. Retrorse lobe elongate, strongly attenuated apically.
Range. Ontario west to Wisconsin, south to North Carolina (Fig. 182).
Additional material examined. CANADA: ONTARIO: 1♀ Haldimane-Norfolk Reg., Delhi-Simcoe
Railway, 14.vii.2001 (S. Paiero); [DEBU]; 1♂ Norfolk Co., Pterophylla Plant Nursery, N42�38.404�
W080�34.379�, 13.viii�22.viii.2006 (P.J. Carson); 1♀ Queen�s University Biological Stn., 17.vii.2006 (L.
Packer); QUEBEC: 2♀♀ W of Normandin, N48�48�16.8�� W72�36�22.5��, 172 m, 8.vi.2009 (M. Chagnon);[PCYU]; USA: INDIANA: 3♀♀ Jackson Co., N38.8799 W086.056, 26.vii.2003; MARYLAND: 1♀ Patuxent
Wildlife�, N39 W076.7, 26�27.v.2002 (H.W. Ikerd); 1♂ Pr. George�s Co., N38.9581 W076.7444,
20.viii.2004 (S. Kolski); [PCYU]; MICHIGAN: 12♀♀ Huron Co., N43.80147 W82.89227, 30.vii.2009 (Tuell
et al.); [ARC]; NEW YORK: 1♀ Suffolk Co., 6.ix.2005 (S.W. Droege); [PCYU]; 1♀ Wayne Co., Endress,
Sodus Pt., 19.v.2009 (M.G. Park); [CUIC]; NORTH CAROLINA: 1♂ Great Smoky Mountain N.P., Cades
Cove, Hyatt Rd. at Abhram�s Creek, N35.59232 W083.8236, 5.viii.2006 (J. Gibbs); 1♀ Great Smoky Mountain
N.P., Cataloochee overlook, N35.6399 W083.06017, 6.viii.2006 (C. Sheffield); [GSNP]; 1♀ Junaluska
Meadow, N35.54289 W082.9566, 7.viii.2006 (J. Gibbs); 2♀♀ N of Doughton Park, N36.44752 W081.02898,
14.viii.2006 (J. Gibbs); TENNESSEE: 1♀ Hwy 321, nr. Gatlinburg, N35.75988 W083.3615, 8.viii.2006 (J.
Gibbs); VIRGINIA: 1♀ Assateague I., N37.9804 W075.2926, 30.vi�1.vii.2006 (S.W. Droege); 1♀
Assateague I., N37.891 W075.3458, 1�2.vii.2006 (S.W. Droege); 1♀ Hwy 21, 8 km S of Elk, N36.68854
W081.17776, 14.viii.2006 (J. Gibbs); WEST VIRGINIA: 1♀ Hampshire Co., N39.3348 W078.458, 20.ix
(S.W. Droege); WISCONSIN: 1♀ Sauk Co., Spring Green Preserve, N43.19785 W090.05904, 23.vii.2006 (A.
Wolf); [PCYU].
Floral records. ACANTHACEAE: Justicia americana, ALISMATACEAE: Sagittaria latifolia, ANACARDIACEAE:
Rhus copallinum, R. glabra, APIACEAE: Apium, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Erigenia bulbosa,
Eryngium yuccifolium, Heracleum maximum, Osmorhiza longistylis, Polytaenia nuttallii, Zizia aurea, APOCYNACEAE:
Apocynum androsaemifolium, ASCLEPIADACEAE: Asclepias sullivantii, A. verticillata,
ASTERACEAE: Achillea millefolium, Anthemis cotula, Antennaria plantaginifolia, Arnoglossum reniforme,
Cirsium altissimum, C. vulgare, Conyza canadensis, Coreopsis palmata, C. tripteris, Echinacea pallida, E.
purpurea, Erigeron philadelphicus, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Haplopappus, Helenium, Helianthus annuus, H.
divaricatus, H. laetiflorus, H. mollis, H. tuberosus, Heliopsis helianthoides, Hieracium, Hypochaeris, Krigia
biflora, Lactuca floridana, Leucanthemum vulgare, Parthenium integrifolium, Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium,
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Rudbeckia hirta, R. laciniata, R. subtomentosa, R. triloba, Silphium laciniatum,
S. perfoliatum, Solidago, Symphyotrichum anomalum, S. drummondii, S. pilosum, S. ericoides, S.
puniceum, Taraxacum officinale, Verbesina helianthoides, Vernonia fasciculata, BRASSICACEAE: Barbarea,
Brassica, Cardamine bulbosa, C. concatenata, Descurainia pinnata, Lepidium virginicum, Nasturtium,
Raphanus sativus, Rorippa teres, CACTACEAE: Opuntia, CAMPANULACEAE: Lobelia spicata leptostachys,
CAPRIFOLIACEAE: Weigela japonica, Viburnum prunifolium, CARYOPHYLLACEAE: Cerastium,
Stellaria, CLUSIACEAE: Hypericum punctatum, CORNACEAE: Cornus amomum, C. florida, C. racemosa,
CUCURBITACEAE: Cucurbita, EBENACEAE: Diospyros, ERICACEAE: Vaccinium, EUPHORBIACEAE:
Euphorbia corollata, FABACEAE: Amorpha canescens, Cercis anadensis, Chamaecrista fasciculata, Dalea
purpurea, Lupinus, Medicago, Melilotus officinalis, Tephrosia, Trifolium repens, GERANIACEAE: Geranium
maculatum, GROSSULARIACEAE: Ribes uva-crispa sativum, HYDROPHYLLACEAE: Hydrophyllum
appendiculatum, IRIDACEAE: Sisyrinchium angustifolium, LAMIACEAE: Blephilia ciliata, B. hirsuta,
Monarda fistulosa, Nepeta cataria, Pycnanthemum flexuosum, P. verticillatum pilosum, Trichostema brachiatum,
LILIACEAE: Allium tricoccum, Camassia scilloides, Erythronium albidum, Uvularia grandiflora,
LYTHRACEAE: Ammannia coccinea, MALVACEAE: Alcea rosea, Malva pusilla, MOLLUGINACEAE:
Mollugo verticillata, NELUMBONACEAE: Nelumbo lutea, ONAGRACEAE: Ludwigia alternifolia, Oenothera,
OXALIDACEAE: Oxalis corniculata, O. violacea, POLEMONIACEAE: Polemonium reptans,
POLYGONACEAE: Polygonum lapathifolium, PORTULACACEAE: Claytonia virginica, RANUNCULACEAE:
Enemion biternatum, Pulsatilla patens multifida, Ranunculus abortivus, R. fascicularis, R. hispidus,
RHAMNACEAE: Ceanothus, Rhamnus lanceolata, ROSACEAE: Amelanchier canadensis, Crataegus
crus-galli, C. mollis, Fragaria virginiana grayana, Geum canadense, Malus pumila, Photinia, Potentilla norvegica
monspeliensis, Prunus americana, P. avium, P. serotina, Pyracantha, Pyrus, Rubus, RUBIACEAE:
Houstonia purpurea calycosa, RUTACEAE: Ptelea trifoliata, SALICACEAE: Salix amygdaloides, S. cordata,
S. discolor, S. drummondiana, S. humilis, S. interior, S. nigra, SAXIFRAGACEAE: Mitella diphylla,
SCROPHULARIACEAE: Lindernia dubia, Penstemon laevigatus, Veronica peregina, Veronicastrum virginicum,
VERBENACEAE: Phyla lanceolata, Verbena urticifolia, VIOLACEAE: Viola pubescens, ACANTHACEAE/
SCROPHULARIACEAE: �Gerardia�.
Biology. Reinhard 1924: (predator); Evans & Lin, 1959: (predators); Knerer & Atwood, 1962: (floral
records, nesting site); Evans, 1975: (predator); Michener, 1978: (parasite); Danforth 1999: (phylogeny); Danforth
& Ji 2001: (phylogeny); Danforth et al. 2003: (phylogeny).
Comments. Common.
Mitchell (1960) recognised two subspecies, a northern form L. pilosum pilosum and a southern form L.
pilosum floridanum. The diagnostic anatomical characters for both subspecies are at least partially sympatric
(Fig. 182) and can be predicted with 96.8 % success using DNA barcode data. The presence of morphologically
recognisable and genetically distinct forms in sympatry would suggest specific rather than subspecific
status. The two subspecies are herein recognised as separate species L. pilosum and L. floridanum (= D.
intrepidus Mitchell [new synonymy]) following Michener (1951). A northeastern subspecies described by
Lovell (1908) is also recognised as a separate species (see L. leucocomum above). Specimens identified as L.
pilosum from west of the Mississippi are likely to be the related species L. succinipenne (see below).
Extracted from Jason Gibbs. 2011. Revision of the metallic Lasioglossum (Dialictus) of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini.) Zootaxa.
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) pilosum (Smith)
Halictus pilosus Smith, 1853: 71. ♀.
Holotype. ♀ North America [BMNH: B.M. Type 17a 1000]. Examined.
Halictus floridanus caesareus Cockerell, 1916: 11. ♀.
Holotype. ♀ USA, New Jersey, Ocean Grove, 12.vi.1893 [NMNH: 27761]. Examined.
Taxonomy. Robertson, 1895: Halictus pilosus ♂, p. 117 (description); Robertson, 1902b: Chloralictus pilosus, p. 248
(key); Cockerell, 1905: Halictus pilosus ♀, p. 351 (redescription); Viereck, 1916: Halictus (Chloralictus) pilosus, p. 706
(key); Michener, 1951: Lasioglossum (Chloralictus) floridanum caesareum, p. 1113, L. (C.) pilosum, p. 1116 (catalogue);
Mitchell, 1960: Dialictus pilosus pilosus ♀♂, p. 413 (redescription); Mitchell, 1962: Dialictus pilosus pilous, p. 547 (synonymy);
Krombein, 1967: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) pilosum pilosum, p. 465 (catalogue); Dialictus pilosus pilosus, p.
1970 (catalogue); Moure & Hurd, 1987: Dialictus pilosus pilosus, p. 123 (catalogue); Gibbs, 2010b: Lasioglossum (Dialictus)
pilosum ♀♂, p. 253 (redescription, key, synonymy).
Diagnosis. Female L. pilosum can be recognised by the following diagnostic combination: head long (length/width
ratio = 1.03�1.08), clypeus apicolateral margins subparallel, mesoscutal punctures dense throughout (i
Male L. pilosum can be recognised by head long (length/width ratio = 1.13�1.17); eyes strongly convergent below
(UOD/LOD ratio = 1.35�1.64); clypeus yellow distally; mesoscutal punctures very dense, contiguous medially; metapostnotum
rugoso-carinulate; and metasomal terga metallic, punctures dense and distinct. They are most similar to L.
floridanum, L. leucocomum and L. succinipenne. Male L. floridanum have weak metapostnotal rugae and usually lack a
clypeal maculation. Male L. leucocomum have sparser mesoscutal punctures medially. Male L. succinipenne have punctures
visible on the mesepisternum.
Range. Nova Scotia west to Wisconsin, south to Georgia. USA: CT, GA, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, NC, NH, NJ, NY, PA, TN, VA, WI, WV. CANADA: NS, ON, PQ.
DNA Barcode. Available. Multiple sequences.
Comments. Common.
Gibbs (2010b) narrowed the usage of this name and raised the names L. leucocomum and L. floridanum to species level, as discussed above. Gibbs (2010b) reported a less southerly range for L. pilosum but additional material has since been identified from CUIC.
|
