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Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger, 1837
SOUTH AMERICAN LUNGFISH
Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Lepidosirenidae   Lepidosiren


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Lepidosiren paradoxa, South American lungfish : fisheries
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Common name (e.g. trout)

Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua)

Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger , 1837

South American lungfish Upload your photos  and  videos
Pictures | Google image Image of Lepidosiren paradoxa (South American lungfish) Lepidosiren paradoxa
Picture by Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Dipneusti (lungfishes) > Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfishes) > Lepidosirenidae (Aestivating lungfishes)
Etymology: Lepidosiren: Greek, lepis = scale + Greek, seiren = a mythological serpent, 1520 (Ref. 45335 ) .

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; demersal. Subtropical; 24°C - 28°C (Ref. 2060 ); 5°N - 35°S

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

South America: Amazon, Paraguay and lower Paraná River basins.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm
Max length : 125 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 36887 ); max. reported age: 8 years (Ref. 274 )

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274 ); Prefers stagnant waters where there is little current. Juveniles feed on larval insects and snails. Adults are omnivorous and feed on aquatic vertebrates, invertebrates such as snails, clams and shrimp, and algae (Ref. 36739 ). Can survive low oxygen levels in its habitat by means of its very reduced branchial apparatus. It possesses two lungs without bronchial tubes. During the dry period, this species burrows into the mud, to a depth of about 30-50 cm, and seals off the entrance with clay, leaving out 2-3 holes for aeration. It reduces its metabolism during this period of hibernation. The fish are obligate air-breathers and will drown if denied access to the surface (Ref. 36739 ). During the rainy season, reproduction begins. The parents gather vegetal debris in a burrow (about 1.5 m long) to create a nest. During reproduction, males guard the young. These males can increase the oxygen level in the burrow because during breading season the pelvic fins develop highly vascularized, gill-like, feathery structures which perform a function opposite to those of gills: they releases oxygen from the blood and take in carbon dioxide; the filaments disappear after the end of the breeding season (Ref. 12225 , 36739 ). The young look like amphibian tadpoles with four external gills. During the first weeks of their life they breath only through the external gills; at an age of 7 weeks they become air-breathing and regression of the external gills begins (Ref. 27188 , 36739 ).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Spawning occurs during the wet season. Adult males guard and aerate the hachlings and young temporarily. Adult males develop vascular filaments on their paired fins which function either as auxillary to respiration so that they can breathe air without leaving the nest or the fin filaments permit the emission of aerially obtained oxygen in to the nest water, causing the oxygenation of the water surrounding the eggs (Ref. 111170 ). The function of the filaments is much debatable as of the present.

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Arratia, G. , 2003. Lepidosirenidae (aestivating lungfishes). p. 671-672. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36887 )

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )

  Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 21 October 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361 )

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: subsistence fisheries FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

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Ecology
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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 1.5352   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.1   ±0.46 se; based on food items. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (tmax=>22; Fec = 22). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Unknown .

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Updated: 2024-04-19 05:43:29 gmt
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