© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12 Leuresthes sardina Click on map for details about points. IDnature guides Fish SFTEP Links We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. FishBase 1 thumbnail  •  slide show español Overview Main identification features top jaw wide, very extendible 1st dorsal fin behind anus, before a 2nd dorsal fin - front scaly pectoral short lateral scales 51-60 Elongate, slender; head and body compressed; top of head flattened, profile ~straight; eye small (<1/2 head length); snout blunt, a little longer than eye, with two transverse grooves across it; top jaw very wide and strongly extendible; jaw teeth absent to small, if present wide set; 1st dorsal low, with IV spines, origin behind anus, fin entirely in front of anal fin; 2nd dorsal I, 9; anal 25; pectoral fins short (~2/3 head length); 2nd dorsal with scales between front rays; scales large, smooth, 51-60 along midside. Color: Pale, with a broad (2 scales wide) stripe along flank is grey above, silvery below; top of head very pale between eyes, dark before and behind them. Reaches 25cm. Habitat – coastal areas and lagoons. Depth range 0-5m. Endemic to the northern Gulf of California. Attributes Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap). Depth Range Max: 5 m. Depth Range Min: 0 m. Diet: zooplankton; pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=32; Southern limit=24; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-110; Latitudinal range=8; Longitudinal range=5. Egg Type: Benthic; Pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Planktivore. FishBase Habitat: Pelagic. Global Endemism: East Pacific endemic; TEP non-endemic; All species. Habitat: Estuary; Water column. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 25 cm. Regional Endemism: Northern Gulf of California endemic; Continent only; Continent; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species. Residency: Vagrant. Salinity: Marine; Brackish. Water Column Position: Surface; Near Surface; Water column only; Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Links to other sites Fishbase Catalog of Fishes Integrated Taxonomic Information System References Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp. Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional. Jenkins , O.P. and Evermann, B.W., 1889., Description of eighteen new species of fishes from the Gulf of California., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 11:137-158. Acknowledgements Ross Robertson, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page. Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Leuresthes&speciesname=sardina ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Leuresthes&speciesname=sardina http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Leuresthes&speciesname=sardina ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Leuresthes&speciesname=sardina https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Leuresthes&speciesname=sardina ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Leuresthes-sardina.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Species in    Leuresthes Species in    Atherinopsidae - Classification - Atherinopsinae Atherinopsidae Atheriniformes Teleostei Chordata Animalia Leuresthes sardina ( Jenkins & Evermann , 1889 ) Gulf grunion Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Google image Leuresthes sardina Picture by FAO Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Teleostei (teleosts) > Atheriniformes (Silversides) > Atherinopsidae (Neotropical silversides) > Atherinopsinae Etymology: Leuresthes: Greek, leyros, -a, -on = smooth + Greek, esthes = suit, something used to wrap (Ref. 45335 ) . More on authors: Jenkins & Evermann . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; pelagic-neritic. Subtropical; 32°N - 28°N Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri Eastern Central Pacific: endemic to the Gulf of California. Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm Max length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9273 ) Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Found along sandy coasts (Ref. 9273 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae Burry eggs in the sand. Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators Lavenberg, R.J. and M. Chernoff , 1995. Atherinidae. Pejerreyes. p. 889-901. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9273 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )   Near Threatened (NT)  ; Date assessed: 25 May 2007 CITES Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans   Harmless Human uses FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Electrophoreses Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00275 - 0.01321), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  2.9   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Low vulnerability (15 of 100). 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