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FishBase Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lithognathus&speciesname=mormyrus ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lithognathus&speciesname=mormyrus http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lithognathus&speciesname=mormyrus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lithognathus&speciesname=mormyrus https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Lithognathus&speciesname=mormyrus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Lithognathus-mormyrus.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Species in    Lithognathus Species in    Sparidae - Classification - Sparidae Eupercaria/misc Teleostei Chordata Animalia Lithognathus mormyrus ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) Sand steenbras Add your observation in Fish Watcher Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. Lithognathus mormyrus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Google image Lithognathus mormyrus Picture by Patzner, R. Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies) Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335 ) . More on author: Linnaeus . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 0 - 150 m (Ref. 3688 ), usually 10 - 20 m (Ref. 37413 ). Subtropical; 48°N - 35°S, 25°W - 36°E Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, Strait of Gibraltar and Mediterranean; southward to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa; around the Canary and Cape Verde Islands (Ref. 3688 ); and Madeira Is (Ref. 74541 ). Western Indian Ocean: southern Mozambique (Ref. 3688 ). Not found in tropical east Africa (Ref. 3198 ), Red Sea (Ref. 84159 ) and Black Sea (Ref. 4781 , 112870 ). Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m 17.4 , range 20 - ? cm Max length : 55.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397 ); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3688 ); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 13716 ) Short description Morphology | Morphometrics Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12-13; Anal spines : 3; Anal soft rays : 10 - 11 Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Found on the shelf, over sandy and muddy bottoms as well as seagrass-beds and estuaries. Gregarious, sometimes forming sizeable schools. Feeds on worms, mollusks and small crustaceans. Protandric hermaphrodite (Ref. 3688 ). Flesh excellent (Ref. 3198 ); sold fresh and dried. Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae A monandric species (Ref. 55367 ). In the northern Adriatic, overall male to female ratio was 1:1.62. Sex inversion occurred mainly between 24.1 and 35.2 cm TL and 3.5 years of age (Ref. 55367 ). Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, including possible gonochorism (Ref. 103751 ). Also Ref. 28504. Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau , 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )   Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 16 August 2009 CITES Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans   Harmless Human uses Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes FAO - Fisheries: landings ; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Electrophoreses Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools Bio-Quiz | E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings ; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 17.1 - 27.5, mean 24.4 °C (based on 224 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01073 - 0.01347), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.4   ±0.50 se; based on food items. Generation time: 4.8 (4.0 - 5.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12 growth studies. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.24; tm=2). Prior r = 0.70, 95% CL = 0.46 - 1.05, Based on 3 stock assessments. Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649 ):  Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Medium . Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 72.3 [42.6, 133.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1.06 [0.62, 1.89] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.417 [0.289, 0.641] g/100g; Selenium = 28.2 [14.1, 49.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.68 [3.47, 23.67] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.831 [0.601, 1.145] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. Comments & Corrections Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : Laguna, Philippines Page last modified by : mrius-barile Updated: 2024-04-25 06:48:23 gmt FishBase | Search | All Living Things | Top © Designed by The Polistes Corporation