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Overview |
Main identification features
- 15 blue spotted bars
- dorsal fin height less than body depth
- pectoral: not rigid, can fold against side
Body only slightly compressed laterally; nape strongly elevated; anterior dorsal rays elevated into triangular peak, remainder of fin very low; height of anterior lobe of first dorsal fin less than greatest body depth; first dorsal fin rays 40-45; second dorsal fin rays 6-7; pectoral fin rays 20-23; pectoral rays not rigid and can be folded against side of body; pelvic fins filamentous, distinctly shorter than pectoral fins.
Blue black dorsally and silvery white ventrally with about 15 cobalt-colored vertical rows of round spots or narrow bars; first dorsal fin blackish or dark blue; other fins blackish brown, sometimes tinged with dark blue.
Size: attains 500 cm; all-tackle world record 498 Kg.
Habitat: pelagic, oceanic.
Depth: 0-200 m.
Indo-Pacific in tropical and temperate seas; California to the SW and central eastern Gulf of California to Peru and the oceanic islands.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 200 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: octopus/squid/cuttlefish; bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=40; Southern limit=-28; Western limit=-124; Eastern limit=-71; Latitudinal range=68; Longitudinal range=53.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Offshore; Offshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 500 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Acero, A. and Franke, R., 2001., Peces del parque nacional natural Gorgona. En: Barrios, L. M. y M. Lopéz-Victoria (Eds.). Gorgona marina: Contribución al conocimiento de una isla única., INVEMAR, Serie Publicaciones Especiales No. 7:123-131.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- Graves , J. E. and McDowell, J. R., 1995., Inter-ocean genetic divergence of istiophorid billfishes., Marine Biology, 122:193-203.
- Grove , J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J., 1997., The fishes of the Galápagos islands., Stanford University Press:863 pp.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Jordan , and Snyder,., 1901., Descriptions of nine new species of fishes contained in museums of Japan., J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 15:301-311.
- Joseph , J. , Klawe , W. and Murphy, P., 1988., Tuna and Billfish - fish without a country., Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission:69.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Molina, L., Danulat, E., Oviedo, M., González, J.A., 2004., Guía de especies de interés pesquero en la Reserva Marina de Galápagos., Fundación Charles Darwin / Agencia Espeñola de Cooperación Internacional / Dirección Parque Nacional Galápagos, 115pp.
- Nakamura,., 1985., Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO species catalogue Vol. 5., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125, 125.
- Ramírez Rodríguez, M., 1997., Producción pesquera en la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:273-282.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from FishBase
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Top | See original
http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Makaira&speciesname=mazara ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Makaira&speciesname=mazara
http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Makaira&speciesname=mazara ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Makaira&speciesname=mazara
https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Makaira&speciesname=mazara ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Makaira-mazara.html
Makaira mazara, Indo-Pacific blue marlin : fisheries, gamefish
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Makaira mazara
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Carangiformes
(Jacks) >
Istiophoridae
(Billfishes)
Etymology:
Makaira:
Greek,makaira, -as = happy, rich (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on authors:
Jordan
&
Snyder
.
Issue
This species is synonym of
Makaira nigricans
Lacepède, 1802 in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Jan. 2012: Ref.
89336
) following Collette
et al.
(2006) and Bray
et al.
(2006). The species page will be removed.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref.
43
), usually 100 - ? m (Ref.
6390
). Subtropical; 21°C - ? (Ref.
30368
); 44°N - 40°S, 30°E - 74°W (Ref.
43
)
Indo-Pacific: in tropical, subtropical and sometimes temperate waters (Ref.
9692
). It is the most tropical billfish species and is common in equatorial waters. However, many scientists do not view
Makaira mazara
and
Makaira nigricans
as distinct species, and that the latter species has been considered as a single pantropical species occurring in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Highly migratory species.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 500 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
30874
); common length : 350 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9308
); max. published weight: 170.0 kg (Ref.
6390
); max. published weight: 170.0 kg; max. reported age: 28 years (Ref.
30371
)
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 40-45;
Anal
soft rays
: 18 - 24;
Vertebrae
: 24. Body elongated and not very compressed; upper jaw produced into a robust but not very long beak; two dorsal fins, the height of the first less then the greatest body depth, short anteriorly, taller in the middle, then becoming shorter posteriorly; pectoral fins falcate and flexible, with 21 to 23 rays; body densely covered with small, embedded scales with 1 or 2 sharp points; back dark blue, with 15 bluish bars across the flanks; belly pale silver; membrane of first dorsal fin blue black, with dark spots (Ref.
55763
). Dark blue above, silvery white below; sometimes with light blue vertical stripes; 1st dorsal fin blackish to dark blue, other fins dark brown with tinges of dark blue in some specimens. Body blue-black dorsally and silvery white ventrally, with about 25 pale, cobalt-colored stripes, each consisting of round dots or narrow bars (may not always be visible especially in preserved specimens). Bill long, extremely stout and round in cross section. Nape conspicuously elevated. Right and left branchiostegal membranes completely united together, but free from isthmus. No gill rakers. Body densely covered with elongate, thick, bony scales, each often with 1 or 2, sometimes 3, posterior points. Caudal peduncle with strong double keels on each side and a shallow notch on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces.
Epipelagic and oceanic species mostly confined to the waters on the warmer side of the 24°C surface isotherm and known to effect seasonal north-south migrations. Not usually seen close to land masses or islands, unless there is a deep drop-off of the shelf. Remain mostly within the upper 37 m. Believed to form small-scale schools of at most 10 individuals. Larger fish tend to swim solitarily (Ref.
43
) but smaller ones form schools of about 10 individuals (Ref.
9987
). Feed on squids, tuna-like fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods (Ref.
9308
). Also caught with troll lines (Ref.
9308
). The flesh is of good quality and is marketed frozen and prepared as sashimi and sausages in Japan (Ref.
9308
); also utilized fresh (Ref.
9987
). Also Ref. 9692.
Spawning probably takes place year-round in equatorial waters to 10° latitude (although 1 study has suggested this needs verification) and during summer periods in both hemispheres to 30° latitude, in both the Indian and Pacific oceans (Ref.
6390
). In the southern hemisphere, concentrations of spawning fish probably occur around French Polynesia (Ref.
30354
).
Nakamura, I.
, 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref.
43
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Not Evaluated
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 13.6 - 25.2, mean 19.3 °C (based on 408 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.7505 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00193 - 0.01034), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.5 ±0.89 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 9.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (rm=0.104; K=0.12-0.29; tm=4; tmax=28; Fec=31 million).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
High
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 21.5 [10.2, 35.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.804 [0.465, 1.353] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.197 [0.102, 0.367] g/100g; Selenium = 49.6 [25.5, 95.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.18 [1.68, 16.00] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.331 [0.229, 0.481] mg/100g (wet weight);
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Updated: 2024-04-25 01:20:48 gmt
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