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Overview |
Main identification features
- black body
- dorsal, anal and tail fins : pinkish
Mouth a little above center; teeth notched; groove before eye, under nostrils; circular patch of bony plates behind gill slit; soft dorsal and anal high at front; cheeks scaly; scales on rear body and caudal peduncle with slight ridge; dorsal III,32-35; anal 28-31; pectoral 14-16; lateral line scales 28-32.
Body and head black; dorsal and anal reddish white with thin black borders; pectoral yellowish; tail base white, outer 2/3 pink.
Size: 40 cm.
Habitat: rocky and reef.
Depth: 0-60 m.
Indo-Pacific; resident in our region; at Clipperton, Cocos, Galapagos and western Panama.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 60 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: Pelagic crustacea; octopus/squid/cuttlefish; benthic microalgae; zooplankton; sponges/seasquirts/bryozoa; bony fishes; detritus; pelagic fish larvae.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=11; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-110; Eastern limit=-82; Latitudinal range=13; Longitudinal range=28.
Egg Type: Benthic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore; Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 40 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Mid Water; Near Bottom; Near Surface; Bottom + water column;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Garrison, G., 2000., Peces de la Isla del Coco., Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad:393.
- Grove , J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J., 1997., The fishes of the Galápagos islands., Stanford University Press:863 pp.
- Osburn , R. C. and Nichols, J. T., 1916., Shore Fishes Collected by the 'Albatross' Expedition in Lower California with Descriptions of New Species., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35:139-181.
- Richardson, J., 1845., Ichthyology.--Part 3. In R. B. Hinds (ed.) The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur, under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, R. N., C. B., F. R. G. S., etc., during the years 1836-42, No. 10., Smith, Elder & Co.:.
- Smith , M. M. and Heemstra, P., 1986., Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg: Macmillan South Africa. 1047 pp., Macmillan South Africa:1047pp.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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&pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/eng/taibnet_species_detail.php?gen=Melichthys&spe=vidua |
Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Melichthys&speciesname=vidua ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Melichthys&speciesname=vidua http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Melichthys&speciesname=vidua ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Melichthys&speciesname=vidua https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Melichthys&speciesname=vidua ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Melichthys-vidua.html
Melichthys vidua, Pinktail triggerfish : fisheries, aquarium
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Melichthys vidua
Picture by
Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/B. Alenda
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Tetraodontiformes
(Puffers and filefishes) >
Balistidae
(Triggerfishes)
Etymology:
Melichthys:
Greek, melas, melaina, melan, black + icthys yos, fish. On the other hand, in Smith et al.,1986: 878), 'body dark brown to black' in https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/266635#page/902/mode/1up.(P. Romero, pers.comm. 03/2022).
.
More on author:
Richardson
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref.
1602
). Tropical; 32°N - 31°S, 30°E - 132°W
Indo-Pacific: East Africa eastward through northern Australia to Hawaiian and Tuamotu islands, north to southern Japan.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
30573
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 3;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 31-35;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 28 - 31. Juveniles with dark lines radiating from eye and dark lines on anal and soft dorsal fins (Ref.
4420
).
Occur in seaward reefs to depths greater than 60 m (Ref.
9710
,
48637
), with rich invertebrate growth (Ref.
48637
). Common in coral-rich areas exposed to currents (Ref.
1602
). Usually at moderate depths in small loose groups (Ref.
48637
). Benthopelagic (Ref.
58302
). Diet consists mainly of algae and detritus but also takes in crustaceans, octopuses, sponges, and fishes (Ref.
1602
). Oviparous (Ref.
205
). Also taken with drive-in nets. Marketed fresh (Ref.
9770
). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref.
205
).
Matsuura, K.
, 2001. Balistidae. Triggerfishes. p. 3911-3928. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref.
9770
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
13 January 2022
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 24.6 - 28.9, mean 27.6 °C (based on 692 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02692 (0.01580 - 0.04584), b=3.05 (2.90 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.4 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 37.2 [15.6, 91.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.564 [0.291, 1.260] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.3, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.114 [0.057, 0.220] g/100g; Selenium = 37.6 [19.9, 77.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 49.9 [14.5, 176.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.987 [0.674, 1.461] mg/100g (wet weight);
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