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Menticirrhus ophicephalus (Jenyns, 1840)
SNAKEHEAD KINGCROAKER
Snakehead king-croaker

Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Sciaenidae   Menticirrhus

Menticirrhus ophicephalus
© Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0
Menticirrhus ophicephalus

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Overview
Main identification features
  • elongate, rounded
  • 1st dorsal fin : xi-xii, spines not reaching 2nd part
  • c: slightly concave
  • breast: scales small, rough
  • pectoral: short
Body elongate, rounded; eye small; head long, low; snout ~conical, projecting beyond horizontal mouth, with slits and pores above mouth; short thick barbel on chin; preopercle smooth to weakly serrated; gill rakers short; dorsal XI-XII, 21-24, longest spine not reaching soft dorsal; anal short base, 1 weak spine, 9 rays; pectoral 18-20 rays, does not reach end of pelvics; tail concave, rounded tips; scales large, rough on head and body; scales on breast (under and before pectoral) much smaller than those on upper body; 63-66 lateral line scales.

Body and head pale silvery grey; dorsal dusky, spiny part darker; tail pale, broad dusky margin; anal dark grey, white front border; pectoral dark grey outer 2/3; pelvic dark grey, white margin.

Size: 45 cm.

Habitat: coastal bays.

Depth: 1-20 m?.

Ecuador to Peru.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 20 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: mobile benthic worms; mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs).
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=1; Southern limit=-23; Western limit=-82; Eastern limit=-70; Latitudinal range=24; Longitudinal range=12.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Beach; Mud; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 45 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Peruvian province, primarily; Continent only; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
  • Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
  • Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
  • Jenyns, L., 1842., Fish. In: C. Darwin, ed. The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle' under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. Issued in 4 parts., Smith, Elder & Co.:i-xvi + 1-172.
  • Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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