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Overview |
Main identification features
- lower profile horizontal
- 1st dorsal fin : x, 3rd spine not reaching 2nd dorsal fin
- c: s shape
- breast: scales small, rough
- pectoral medium, black
Elongate, lower body profile horizontal; mouth small; no molar teeth in throat; snout prominent; 1 short, thick barbel on chin; preopercle weakly serrated; dorsal XI-XII, 23-27; longest spine not reaching origin of soft dorsal; anal with 1 weak spine, 8-9 rays; pectorals 18-22 rays, short, do not reach end of pelvics; tail S shaped; scales large, rough on head and body; scales on breast (under and before pectoral) much smaller than those on upper body; 52-60 lateral line scales.
Upper head and body grey to metallic blue; white below; dark wavy lines on flanks; pectorals black; other fins dark to pale; juveniles with a dark blotch on the flank.
Size: 83.6 cm.
Habitat: coastal bays, sand bottoms.
Depth: 1-20 m.
Southern California to the Gulf of California.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap).
Depth Range Max: 20 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: mobile benthic worms; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs).
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=35; Southern limit=21; Western limit=-121; Eastern limit=-106; Latitudinal range=14; Longitudinal range=15.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Mud; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 83.6 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; California province, primarily; Continent only; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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Names | |
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References |
- Balart , E. F. , Castro-Aguirre , J. L. and De Lachica-Bonilla, F., 1997., Análisis comparativo de las comunidades ícticas de fondos blandos y someros de la Bahía de La Paz, B.C. S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:177-188.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castro-Aguirre , J. L. and Balart, E. F., 1997., Contribución al conocimiento de la ictiofauna de fondos blandos y someros de la Ensenada de La Paz y Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:139-150.
- De la Cruz , J. , Galvan , F. , Abitia , L. A. , Rodriguez , J. and Gutierrez, F. J., 1994., Lista sistematica de los peces marinos de Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico). Systematic List of marine fishes from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico)., Ciencias Marinas, 20:17-31.
- Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- Girard, C., 1854., Observations upon a collection of Fishes made on the Pacific coast of the United States, by Liut. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A., for the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7:142-156.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part II., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1241-2183.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Minckley, W.L., 2002., Fishes of the lowermost colorado river, its delta, and estuary: a commentary on biotic change. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:63-78.
- Osburn , R. C. and Nichols, J. T., 1916., Shore Fishes Collected by the 'Albatross' Expedition in Lower California with Descriptions of New Species., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35:139-181.
- Ramírez Rodríguez, M., 1997., Producción pesquera en la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:273-282.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Menticirrhus&speciesname=undulatus ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Menticirrhus&speciesname=undulatus
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Menticirrhus&speciesname=undulatus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Menticirrhus&speciesname=undulatus
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Menticirrhus&speciesname=undulatus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Menticirrhus-undulatus.html
Menticirrhus undulatus, California kingcroaker : fisheries, gamefish
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Menticirrhus undulatus
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Eupercaria/misc
(Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae
(Drums or croakers)
Etymology:
Menticirrhus:
Latin, mentum = beard, chin + Latin, cirrus = curly
.
More on author:
Girard
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 14 m (Ref.
9118
). Subtropical; 37°N - 21°S, 123°W - 68°W
Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Peru.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 71.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
2850
); max. published weight: 3.9 kg (Ref.
2850
); max. reported age: 8 years (Ref.
56049
)
Occur along sandy shores and in bays, usually in sandy surfs of exposed outer coast. Usually found in small groups; larger fish are more solitary. Feed on sand crabs, other small crustaceans, and worms (Ref.
9118
). Spawning begins in July (Ref.
9118
). Pelagic spawners (Ref.
56049
). Cannot produce croaking sounds due to lack of air bladder. Considered a good food fish and is common in markets (Ref.
9118
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Pelagic spawner (Ref.
56049
).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann
, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref.
2850
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Data deficient (DD)
; Date assessed:
23 January 2020
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 17.8 - 28.9, mean 23.6 °C (based on 262 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00531 - 0.01641), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.3 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=2.5; tmax=8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
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- 20 July 2016
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Updated: 2024-04-19 13:06:21 gmt
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