www.fao.org Copyright Michel Lamboeuf · 0 Mobula japanica |
Click on map for details about points.
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español |
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Overview |
Main identification features
- head narrow
- dorsal fin tip white
- tail long, surface rough, with spine
- short keel over spiracle
- belly: white
- 3 m
Disc strongly rhomboidal, much wider than long; wings strongly pointed; head wide, projecting from disc; pectoral fins extend along head and form two large soft horns; eyes and spiracles on side of head; front margin of pectoral fin ends under spiracle; a short keel present over the spiracle; mouth ventral; small teeth on both jaws; length of tooth bands ~75% of mouth width; teeth long, twice as long as wide, scattered filter plates in gills separate at tips; tail long, slender with small dorsal fin at base, as long as disc width, with 1 large serrated spine, plus a row of soft tubercles along each side.
Upper surface dark blue to black; lower surface white; dorsal fin black with white tip.
Size: 310 cm wide.
Habitat: pelagic in coastal and oceanic waters.
Depth: to 30 m.
Circumtropical; southern California to the Gulf of California to Peru.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 30 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs; bony fishes; zooplankton; Pelagic crustacea.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=35; Southern limit=-9; Western limit=-121; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=44; Longitudinal range=43.
Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Circumtropical ( Indian + Pacific + Atlantic Oceans); East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); East Pacific + all Atlantic (East+West); TEP non-endemic; West + East Pacific (but not Central); "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Offshore; In & Offshore.
IUCN Red List: Near threatened; Listed.
Length Max: 310 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Continent only; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498.
- Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Müller , J. and Henle, F. G. J., 1839., Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Berlin., Plagiostomen, :27-102.
- Notarbartolo di Sciara,., 1987., A revisionary study of the genus Mobula Rafinesque, 1810 (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae) with the description of a new species., Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 91:1-91.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from Australian Faunal Directory
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Following modified from Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network
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&pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/eng/taibnet_species_detail.php?gen=Mobula&spe=japanica |
Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=japanica ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=japanica http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=japanica ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=japanica https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=japanica ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Mobula-japanica.html
Mobula japanica, Spinetail mobula : fisheries
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Mobula japanica
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Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes
(Stingrays) >
Mobulidae
(Devilrays)
Etymology:
japanica:
Named for Japan.
.
More on authors:
Müller
&
Henle
.
Issue
This species is considered as a junior synonym of
Mobula mobular
according to Last et al., 2016 (Ref.
114953
) and White et al., 2017 (Ref.
115945:13
). The species page will be removed,.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 647 m (Ref.
106604
), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref.
89423
). Subtropical; 40°N - 30°S
Indo-Pacific: off South Africa, the Arabian Sea eastward to the Hawaiian Islands and Polynesia. Eastern Pacific: on the continental coast. Eastern Atlantic: Côte d'Ivoire but may probably be more wide-ranging. This has to be critically compared with
Mobula mobular
of the Mediterranean Sea and nominally elsewhere in the North Atlantic.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
217.8
, range 204 - ? cm
Max length : 310 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref.
50641
); 240.0 cm WD (female); common length : 225 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref.
9256
)
Dark blue to black above, white below. Inner surface of cephalic fins silver grey with black tip, outer surface and side behind eye white (Ref.
11228
). Shared characters between
M. rancureli
and
Mobula japanica
: teeth, placoid scales, and branchial filter morphologies, morphometrics, presence of tail spine, distinctive shape and coloration of dorsal fin, and general shape of body and coloration (Ref.
50641
).
Found inshore, possibly in oceanic waters (Ref.
9911
). Pelagic (Ref.
58302
). Occurs singly or in groups (Ref.
9911
). Feeds mainly on euphausiids (mainly
Nictiphanes simplex
), and to a lesser extent on copepods and crustacean larvae. May also feed on small fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref.
50449
). Acoustic tracks record the species to spend time above the thermocline at night to feed on krill (H. Dewar, pers.comm. 05/2000). Very common by-catch of the gillnet fisheries targeting skpjack tuna (
Katsuwonus pelamis
). Utilized for its gill filter plates (very high value), meat, cartilage and skin (Ref.58048).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref.
50449
). With one in a litter (Ref.
12951
). Size at birth 85-92 cm WD (Ref.
12951
,
Ref.58048
).
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens
, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref.
6871
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Near Threatened (NT)
; Date assessed:
31 January 2006
CITES
Appendix II:
International trade monitored
Appendix I & II:
Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 17.5 - 29, mean 27.4 °C (based on 5840 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.4 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 9.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Fec=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 2.5 [0.3, 39.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.39 [0.03, 4.65] mg/100g; Protein = 21.4 [16.2, 26.7] %; Omega3 = 0.111 [0.035, 0.336] g/100g; Selenium = 28.3 [5.3, 165.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.7 [0.8, 119.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.322 [0.021, 3.683] mg/100g (wet weight);
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