www.fao.org Copyright Michel Lamboeuf · 0 Mobula munkiana Click on map for details about points. IDnature guides Fish SFTEP Links We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. FishBase 80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 Set display option above. Click on images to enlarge. © Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0 Mobula munkiana © Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0 Mobula munkiana 3 thumbnails  •  slide show español Overview Main identification features head narrow tail medium, no spine, base compressed mouth ventral belly: white, wings - tips dark dwarf - 1.1 m Munk's mobula, Munk's devil ray, Pigmy devil ray Disc strongly rhomboidal, much wider than long; wings strongly pointed; head wide, projecting from disc; pectoral fins extend along head and form two large soft horns; eyes and spiracles on side of head; front margin of the pectoral fin ends above and before spiracle; mouth ventral; small teeth on both jaws; length of tooth bands 54-65% of mouth width; teeth wider than long, smooth tips, ~triangular filter plates in gills separate at tips; tail long, slender with small dorsal fin at base, a little shorter than disc width, with compressed base and without spine. Upper surface black, purple or purplish grey; lower surface white, with outer half of pectorals blue-grey. Size: 220 cm wide. Habitat: schooling, pelagic in coastal and oceanic waters. Depth: to 30 m. Gulf of California to Peru; the Galapagos, Cocos and Malpelo. Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo). Depth Range Max: 30 m. Depth Range Min: 0 m. Diet: pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs; zooplankton; Pelagic crustacea; bony fishes. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=32; Southern limit=-4; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=36; Longitudinal range=37. Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Planktivore. FishBase Habitat: Pelagic. Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species. Habitat: Water column. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Offshore; In & Offshore. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 220 cm. Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Marine; Marine Only. Water Column Position: Near Surface; Surface; Water column only; Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Links to other sites Fishbase Catalog of Fishes Integrated Taxonomic Information System References Acero , A. and Franke, R., 1995., Nuevos registros de peces cartilaginosos del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Pacifico Colombiano), II. Rayas y Descripcion de una Nueva Especie., Bibl. J. J. Triana, 11:9-21. Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498. Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional. Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200. Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311. Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2. Notarbartolo di Sciara,., 1987., A revisionary study of the genus Mobula Rafinesque, 1810 (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae) with the description of a new species., Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 91:1-91. Ramírez Rodríguez, M., 1997., Producción pesquera en la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:273-282. Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224. Acknowledgements Ross Robertson, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page. Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=munkiana ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=munkiana http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=munkiana ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=munkiana https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=munkiana ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Mobula-munkiana.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Species in    Mobula Species in    Mobulidae - Classification - Mobulidae Myliobatiformes Elasmobranchii Chordata Animalia Mobula munkiana Notarbartolo-di-Sciara , 1987 Munk's devil ray Add your observation in Fish Watcher Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. Mobula munkiana   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Google image Mobula munkiana Picture by Wirtz, P. Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays) Etymology: Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243 ); depth range 0 - 15 m (Ref. 58018 ). Tropical; 32°N - 7°S, 114°W - 77°W (Ref. 114953 ) Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri Eastern Pacific: From Gulf of California to Peru, incl. the Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539 ). Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm Max length : 220 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 28023 ); common length : 100.0 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 9256 ) Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Pelagic species forming schools in coastal and oceanic waters, but also found near the bottom. Found singly, in small groups, or in schools (Ref. 12951 ). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also takes small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951 ). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449 ). Gestation period unknown (Ref. 114953 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449 ). Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara , 1995. Mobulidae. Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9256 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )   Vulnerable (VU)  (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 09 November 2018 CITES Appendix II: International trade monitored CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements Threat to humans   Harmless Human uses Fisheries: commercial FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Electrophoreses Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 22.2 - 28.5, mean 23.5 °C (based on 368 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.8   ±0.60 se; based on food items. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec assumed to be <100). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Very high vulnerability (85 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Medium . Comments & Corrections Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : Laguna, Philippines Page last modified by : mrius-barile Updated: 2024-04-25 11:44:41 gmt FishBase | Search | All Living Things | Top © Designed by The Polistes Corporation