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Overview |
Main identification features
- long narrow head, short keel over spiracle
- wings strongly curved
- tail short, scaly, no spine
- mouth ventral
- belly: front white, rear abruptly grey
- greater than 3 m
Head projecting, relatively long, with short horns; large triangular "wings" (pectoral fin flaps) that are strongly curved backwards; tail relatively short ( less than half disc width), scaly, without spine; skin smooth; mouth on underside of head; front margin of pectoral fin ends below and before spiracle; a short keel above spiracle; teeth on both jaws, relatively large and tassellated.
Back brown to olivaceous green, underside white at front and abruptly grey posteriorly.
Grows to a disc width of at least 370 cm and a weight of 350 Kg.
Habitat: pelagic coastal waters.
Depth: to 30 m.
Circumtropical; SW Gulf of California to Peru, the Revillagigedos and Cocos island.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 30 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: Pelagic crustacea; bony fishes; zooplankton; pelagic fish eggs.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=25; Southern limit=-4; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=29; Longitudinal range=37.
Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Circumtropical ( Indian + Pacific + Atlantic Oceans); East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); Transisthmian (East Pacific + Atlantic of Central America); All Pacific (West + Central + East); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Offshore; Offshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 370 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
- Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Notarbartolo di Sciara,., 1987., A revisionary study of the genus Mobula Rafinesque, 1810 (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae) with the description of a new species., Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 91:1-91.
- Philippi, R. A., 1893., Abbildung und Beschreibung einiger Chilenischer Fische. Leipzig., Chile. Fische, :20pp.
- Ramírez Rodríguez, M., 1997., Producción pesquera en la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:273-282.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from FishBase
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Top | See original
http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=tarapacana ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=tarapacana
http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=tarapacana ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=tarapacana
https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mobula&speciesname=tarapacana ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Mobula-tarapacana.html
Mobula tarapacana, Chilean devil ray : fisheries
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Mobula tarapacana
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Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes
(Stingrays) >
Mobulidae
(Devilrays)
Etymology:
tarapacana:
Named for the Chilean province Tarapacà , where the type specimen was landed.
.
More on author:
Philippi
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 0 - 1896 m (Ref.
117177
), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref.
89972
). Tropical; 50°N - 37°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref.
114953
)
Circumtropical, recorded from scattered localities. Western Atlantic: off Venezuela. Eastern Atlantic: Côte d'Ivoire and South Africa. Reported from Cape Verde (Ref.
34514
). Indian Ocean: northwestern Red Sea and India. Western Pacific: Japan, Taiwan, and probably tropical Australia (Ref.
9911
). Eastern Pacific: From Gulf of California to Chile (Ref.
130539
).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
264.8
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 328 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref.
58048
); 305.2 cm WD (female); common length : 250 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref.
9256
); max. published weight: 350.0 kg (Ref.
50641
)
A large devil ray with a long head bearing short head fins; dorsal fin plain, and pectoral fins with strongly curved, swept-back tips; upper disc densely covered with small, pointed denticles and tail shorter than disc with no spine (Ref.
5578
). Dark blue (Ref.
5578
), olive-green to brownish above; ventral side white anteriorly, grey posteriorly, with an irregular but distinct line of demarcation (Ref.
11228
). No caudal fin (Ref.
5578
).
Mostly oceanic, but also in coastal waters. Solitary, sometimes forms groups (Ref.
12951
). Feeds on small fishes (Ref.
5578
) and planktonic crustaceans (Ref.
9911
). Ovoviviparous (Ref.
50449
). Litter number 1 (Ref.
12951
). Sometimes found stranded in beaches in temperate areas (Ref.
9911
). Data on female Max. length from Ref.9256. Commonly caught in tuna gillnet and in harpoon fisheries. Utilized for its gill filter plates (very high value),meat, cartilage and skin (Ref.58048).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
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Fecundity
|
Larvae
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref.
50449
).
McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara
, 1995. Mobulidae. Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref.
9256
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Endangered (EN)
(A2bd+3d); Date assessed:
09 November 2018
CITES
Appendix II:
International trade monitored
Appendix I & II:
Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: subsistence fisheries
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 19.4 - 28.9, mean 27.1 °C (based on 1824 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Fec=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
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Updated: 2024-04-25 10:13:26 gmt
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