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Overview |
Main identification features
- gold or grey + dense brown spots
- d: 2nd and 3rd spines longest
- tail fin edge regular
Dorsal rays XI,16-17; anal rays III,11; pectoral rays 16-17; rakers on first gill arch 24-29; 2nd and 3rd dorsal spines elongated, forming a definite lobe, with the second spine longer than third; preoperculum with a notch; edge of tail regular; scales in longitudinal series above lateral line 100-120.
Generally pale grey with numerous, close-set brown spots; 10-12 narrow brown bars or partial brown bars sometimes apparent on upper side; occasional individuals are entirely bright yellow (similar to yellow phase of M. rosacea from the Gulf of California).
Size: reaches at least 120 cm.
Inhabits rocky reefs.
Depth: 5-100 m.
Galapagos Archipelago, Cocos, Malpelo, and the coast of Ecuador.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 100 m.
Depth Range Min: 5 m.
Diet: bony fishes; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs).
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=6; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-93; Eastern limit=-81; Latitudinal range=8; Longitudinal range=12.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Vulnerable; Listed.
Length Max: 120 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Island (s) only; TEP endemic; TEP oceanic island (s) endemic; Multiple oceanic islands endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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Names | |
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Links to other sites | |
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References |
- Béarez , P. and Jiménez, P., 2002., New records of serranids (Teleostei, Perciformes) from the continental shelf of Ecuador with a key to the species, and comments on ENSO-associated fish dispersal., Cybium, 2002.
- Edgar, G.J. Banks, S., Fariña, J.M., Calvopiña, M. and Martínez, C., 2004., Regional biogeography of shallow reef fish and macro-invertebrate communities in the Galapagos archipelago., Journal of Biogeography, 31:1107-1124.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
- Heemstra , P.C. and Randall, J.E., 1993., Groupers of the World (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. FAO Species Catalogue Vol. 16., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125, 125:I-viii, 1-382.
- Humann, P., 1993., Reef Fish Identification: Galapagos., New World Publishing:192pp.
- Jenyns, L., 1842., Fish. In: C. Darwin, ed. The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle' under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. Issued in 4 parts., Smith, Elder & Co.:i-xvi + 1-172.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Jordan , D.S. and Bollman, C.H., 1890., Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-88, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross'., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 12:149-183.
- Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1896., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part I., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1-1240.
- McCosker , J.E. and Rosenblatt, R.H., 1975., Fishes collected at Malpelo Island. In Graham, J.B. (ed.) The Biological Investigation of Malpelo Island, Colombia., Smithsonian Contrib. Zool., 176:91-93.
- Molina, L., Danulat, E., Oviedo, M., González, J.A., 2004., Guía de especies de interés pesquero en la Reserva Marina de Galápagos., Fundación Charles Darwin / Agencia Espeñola de Cooperación Internacional / Dirección Parque Nacional Galápagos, 115pp.
- Rosenblatt , R.H. and Zahuranec, B.J., 1967., The eastern Pacific groupers of the genus Mycteroperca, including a new species., Calif. Fish & Game, 53(4):228-245.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Snodgrass , R. E. and Heller, E., 1905., Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898-1899. XVII. Shorefishes of the Revillagigedo, Clipperton, Cocos and Galapagos Island., Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 6:333-427.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mycteroperca&speciesname=olfax ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mycteroperca&speciesname=olfax
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mycteroperca&speciesname=olfax ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mycteroperca&speciesname=olfax
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Mycteroperca&speciesname=olfax ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Mycteroperca-olfax.html
Mycteroperca olfax, Sailfin grouper : fisheries
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Mycteroperca olfax
Picture by
Ziegler, P.E.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Perciformes/Serranoidei
(Groupers) >
Epinephelidae
(Groupers)
Etymology:
Mycteroperca:
Greek, mykter, -eros = nose + Greek, perke = perch (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Jenyns
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 5 - 73 m (Ref.
11295
), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref.
11295
). Tropical; 6°N - 3°S, 93°W - 85°W (Ref.
5222
)
Eastern Pacific: Isla del Coco off Costa Rica and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Reports from Panama and Peru have been discounted (Ref.
6873
).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
65.3
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
5222
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 11;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 16-17;
Anal
spines
: 3;
Anal
soft rays
: 11. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark to olive-brown body color with purplish and lighter brown spots, or plain dark brown; xanthic morph is bright yellow all over; depth of body contained 2.9-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.6-2.9 times in SL; slightly convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, with serrate lobe at angle; posterior nostrils of adults much larger than anterior ones (Ref.
89707
).
Found among rock walls, underwater lava ridges, and all kinds of well structured vertical rock formations (Ref.
11295
). Juveniles found in shallow sandy lagoons (Ref.
5222
), also in seagrass beds, mangrove lagoons, shallow lava reefs and inland lava ponds (Ref.
11295
). Adults are mainly piscivorous, prey size increasing with predator size (Ref.
11295
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall
, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref.
5222
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Endangered (EN)
(A2bd); Date assessed:
15 September 2022
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 14.5 - 23.7, mean 19.3 °C (based on 4 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00365 - 0.00994), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.18; tm=3; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
High
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 63.5 [28.2, 126.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.861 [0.465, 1.708] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.219 [0.129, 0.372] g/100g; Selenium = 66.8 [33.8, 142.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.4 [7.5, 81.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.666 [0.455, 0.982] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
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Updated: 2024-04-19 22:41:26 gmt
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