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Overview |
Main identification features
- top: dark brown + transverse wavy white lines
- c: 2 white bars
Elongate oval disc, with soft, flaccid edges; pectorals overlapping front origin of pelvics; nasal orifices in one opening per side; spiracles larger than small eyes, without papillae on outer rim; large kidney-shaped electric organ behind eye; mouth small, tubular, not protractile; 2 large, similar sized dorsals; thick tail with distinct tail fin; fins angular.
Back chocolate brown, with numerous short white irregular transverse blotches and lines; tail fin with 2 irregular white bars; each dorsal fin with central white spot; belly white.
Size: 60 cm.
Habitat: soft bottoms.
Depth: 0-100 m.
Eastern and Southwestern Gulf of California to Costa Rica.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 100 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: bony fishes; mobile benthic worms; octopus/squid/cuttlefish; mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs).
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=29; Southern limit=9; Western limit=-112; Eastern limit=-83; Latitudinal range=20; Longitudinal range=29.
Egg Type: Live birth; No pelagic larva; No pelagic phase.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Mud; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 60 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Continent only; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Balart , E. F. , Castro-Aguirre , J. L. , Aurioles-Gamboa , D. , García-Rodriguez , F. and Villavicencio-Garayzar, C., 1995., Adiciones a la ictiofauna de Bahía de la Paz, Baja California Sur, México., Hidrobiologica, 5:79-85.
- Beebe , W. and Tee-Van, J., 1941., Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXVIII. Fishes from the tropical eastern Pacific. (From Cedros Island, Lower California, South to the Galápagos Islands and northern Peru.) Part 3. Rays, mantas and chimaeras., Zoologica, 26(3):245-280.
- Breder, C.M. Jr., 1928., Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1926. Elasmobranchii from Panama to Lower California., Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ., 2(1):1-13.
- Compagno, L.J.V., 1999., Checklist of living elasmobranchs. In Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The John Hopkins University Press:471-498.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Narcine&speciesname=vermiculatus ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Narcine&speciesname=vermiculatus http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Narcine&speciesname=vermiculatus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Narcine&speciesname=vermiculatus https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Narcine&speciesname=vermiculatus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Narcine-vermiculatus.html
Narcine vermiculata, Vermiculate electric ray
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Narcine vermiculata
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Classification / Names
Common names
|
Synonyms
| Catalog of Fishes(
genus
,
species
) |
ITIS
|
CoL
|
WoRMS
|
Cloffa
Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes
(Electric rays) >
Narcinidae
(Numbfishes)
Etymology:
Narcine:
Greek, narke = numbness (Ref.
45335
)
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 10 - 60 m (Ref.
91172
), usually ? - 40 m (Ref.
114953
). Tropical; 28°N - 8°N, 112°W - 82°W (Ref.
114953
)
Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Panama.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9259
)
Benthic, on soft bottoms in protected coastal areas. Males mature at ca. 19 cm TL; born at ca. 6 cm TL (Ref.
114953
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
McEachran, J.D.
, 1995. Narcinidae. Rayas eléctricas. p. 769-771. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref.
9259
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
07 February 2019
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Other (Ref.
9259
)
Human uses
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 23.1 - 29, mean 26.4 °C (based on 42 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00362 - 0.02638), b=2.69 (2.48 - 2.90), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
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Updated: 2024-03-29 05:31:14 gmt
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