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Vespula rufa (Linnaeus, 1758)
VESPA SCHRENCKII
Radoszkowski; Vespa sibirica; Andre; Vespa schrenki; Dalla torre; Vespa rufa var intermedia; Du buysson; Vespula rufa grahami; Archer; Vespula obscura; Lee; Vespula yichunensis

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Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa

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Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa
Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa

Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa
Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa

Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa
Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa

Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa
Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa

Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa
Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa

Vespula rufa
© Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 · 3
Vespula rufa
Vespula rufa, distribution
© from Akre 1981 by Grace Chen · 1
Vespula rufa, distribution

Vespula rufa, distribution
© Miller 1961 · 1
Vespula rufa, distribution
Overview
Akre, R.D., A. Greene, J.F. MacDonald, P.J. Landholt, and H.G. Davis. (1981). Yellowjackets of North America, North of Mexico. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Handbook #552.


Vespula intermedia, a black, ivory, and red species, is restricted almost entirely to the Hudsonian Zone of the Nearctic Boreal Region (fig. 49). It is rarely collected, and no nest has been found (Miller, 1961). Since other members of the V. rufa group are attracted to synthetic organic compounds such as heptyl butyrate, use of attractant traps might be of value in surveying for this species.




Reprinted with permission from: Miller, C.D.F. 1961 Taxonomy and Distribution of Nearctic Vespula. The Canadian Entomologist Supplement 22.


Diagnostic Characters
Color.—Black with yellow and reddish markings. Structure.—Malar space less than half as long as the penultimate antennal segment (Fig. 1); occipital carina incomplete (Fig. 4); abdominal tergites extensively covered with long erect hairs; digitus of male genitalia nearly half as long I, saddle-shaped portion of aedeagus (Fig. 15). 4bdominal Color Patterns.—as in Figs. 43, 46, 48. Facial Color Pattern.—as in Fig. 75.

This Nearctic species is restricted almost entirely to the Hudsonian zone of North American Boreal region.


Discussion
Miller (1958) demonstrated why this species deserved specific recognition. Its range partially overlaps that of other closely related forms but there is no perceptible sign that they interbreed. This species like V. acadica, V. atropilosa, V. vidua and V. consobrina maintains its identity wherever it is found. The author recognizes this species as specifically distinct. Ecological Notes.—A nest of this species has yet to be found. It is probably terrestrial in its nesting habits.


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