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Ophichthus rugifer Jordan and Bollman, 1890
WRINKLED SNAKE-EEL
Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Ophichthidae   Ophichthus

Ophichthus rugifer
© Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0
Ophichthus rugifer

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Overview
Main identification features
  • body striated, robust;eye large
  • 2 rows dark spots; dorsal fin - dark streaks
  • tail: 56-62 percent total length
  • rear nostril: large flat tube
  • pectoral like spatula
A relatively robust species; tail 56-62% of total length; head 10-11.5% of total length; body of large individuals conspicuously etched with fine longitudinal striations; dorsal fin origin over mid-pectoral; median fins well developed; pectorals spatula-like, 25-40% of head length; rear nostril in a large flat tube, opening outside top lip; a small barbel on lip just before rear nostril; eye large, about 8-12.5% of head length; teeth conical, strong, 1 row on roof of mouth, two rows on sides of jaws.

Preserved fish yellow, darker above; a series of brown spots from mid-flank to dorsal base, irregularly paired along midline, largest spots about eye diameter; dorsal fin margin with series of brown streaks; front half of anal fin yellowish, darker on base at rear, flanked by reddish stripes; median fins black at rear as they enter a deep groove; most of pectoral of large individuals dark; head and throat covered with smaller brown spots; front nostrils and tail tip yellow.

Size: reaches 68 cm.

Habitat: sand and rubble bottoms.

Depth: 3-200 m.

Galapagos and Cocos Islands.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 200 m.
Depth Range Min: 3 m.
Diet: octopus/squid/cuttlefish; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=6; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-93; Eastern limit=-87; Latitudinal range=8; Longitudinal range=6.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 68 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s) only; Island (s); TEP endemic; TEP oceanic island (s) endemic; Multiple oceanic islands endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Jordan , D.S. and Bollman, C.H., 1890., Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-88, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross'., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 12:149-183.
  • McCosker , J.E. and Rosenblatt, R.H., 1998., A revision of the Eastern pacific snake-Eel genus Ophichthus (anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) With the Description of Six New Species., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 50:397-432.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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