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Overview |
Main identification features
- elongate;snout rounded
- preopercle: 14-16 weak spines
- a: 2nd spine thick, long, 7
- c: s shape or rounded
Elongate; dorsal rays XI+I, 26; anal rays II,7, 2nd spine long and thick; pectoral rays 17-18; about 50-51 pored scales in lateral line; gill rakers on lower limb of first arch 14-15, total 21-22; snout bulbous, mouth oblique; no barbels on chin; margin of preopercle with 14- 16 spines or serrae, increasing in size ventrally; second dorsal spine thick and elongated; anus well in front of anal fin origin; tail margin rounded to S-shaped, middle rays the longest; pectoral fins reaching to about level of depressed pelvic fin tips or slightly beyond; soft dorsal and anal fins with scaly sheath.
Color silvery grey, whitish below without dark stripes or streaks, although scale margins may be dusky giving overall speckled impression; fins dusky brown.
Size: reaches at least 30 cm.
Inhabits sand bottoms of bays.
Depth: 1-20 m.
Costa Rica to Ecuador.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 20 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); mobile benthic worms.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=10; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-86; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=12; Longitudinal range=8.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Estuary; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 30 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Continent only; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; Panamic province endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Marine.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Near Bottom; Bottom + water column;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
- Gilbert , C.H. and Starks, E.C., 1904., The fishes of Panama Bay., Mem. Calif. Acad.Sci., 4:1-304.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part II., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1241-2183.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1925., The marine fishes of Panama. Part II., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:331-707.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophioscion&speciesname=simulus ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophioscion&speciesname=simulus http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophioscion&speciesname=simulus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophioscion&speciesname=simulus https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Ophioscion&speciesname=simulus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Ophioscion-simulus.html
Ophioscion simulus, Snub-nosed croaker
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Ophioscion simulus
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Eupercaria/misc
(Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae
(Drums or croakers)
Etymology:
Ophioscion:
Greek, ophis = serpent + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Gilbert
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal. Tropical; 8°N - 7°N
Eastern Central Pacific: Panama.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9118
)
Found in shallow water (Ref.
9118
). Feeds mainly on shrimps and other benthic invertebrates (Ref.
9118
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
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Fecundity
|
Larvae
Chao, L.N.
, 1995. Sciaenidae. Corvinas, barbiches, bombaches, corvinatas, corvinetas, corvinillas, lambes, pescadillas, roncachos, verrugatos. p. 1427-1518. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para identificacion de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico Centro-oriental. 3 volumes. 1813 p. (Ref.
9118
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
23 January 2020
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.6 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
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Updated: 2024-03-28 18:22:36 gmt
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