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12.
Opuntia engelmannii
Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann, Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 207. 1850 (as engelmanni).
Engelmann's pricklypear, cactus apple
Shrubs or trees,
with short trunk , spreading to sometimes de-cumbent, 1-3 m.
Stem segments
not disarticulating, yellow-green to blue-green, flattened, circular to obovate to rhombic, or apex tapering, elongate, 15-40(-120) × 10-40 cm, ± tuberculate, gla-brous, often glaucous; areoles 5-8 per diagonal row across mid-stem segments, evenly distributed on stem segment to absent, subcircular to obovate, 4-7 × 4-6 mm; wool tawny, aging blackish.
Spines
(0-)1-6(-12) per areole, white to yellow, usually red to dark brown at extreme bases, aging gray to ± black, subulate, straight to curved, flattened to angular at least near base, the longest spreading to strongly reflexed, 10-30(-50) mm.
Glochids
widely spaced, sparse in crescent at adaxial edge, encircling areole or nearly so, and scattered in subapical tuft, yellow to red-brown, aging gray to blackish, of irregular lengths, to 10 mm.
Flowers:
inner tepals uniformly yellow to buff, sometimes orange to pink to red (rarely whitish), 30-40 mm; filaments, anthers, and style whitish to cream; stigma lobes yellow-green to green.
Fruits
dark red to purple throughout, sometimes stipitate, ovate-elongate to barrel-shaped, 35-90 × 20-40 mm, juicy (bleeding and staining), glabrous, spineless; areoles 20-32 usually toward apex.
Seeds
tan to grayish, subcircular to deltoid, flattened, 2.5-6 × 2-5 mm; girdle protruding 0.3-0.5 mm.
Varieties 5 (5 in the flora): sc and sw United States, n Mexico.
The basal portions of stems seedlings of
Opuntia engelmannii
bear long hairlike spines.
The name
Opuntia dillei
Griffiths has been used for a spineless or nearly spineless morphotype of
O. engelmannii
.
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12d.
Opuntia
engelmannii
Salm-Dyck
ex
Engelmann
var.
flavispina
(L. D. Benson) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava, Madroño. 35: 348. 1988.
Opuntia phaeacantha
Engelmann var.
flavispina
L. D. Benson, Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 46: 79. 1974
Stem segments
obovate, 15-23 × 14-18 cm, to 1.5 times longer than wide.
Spines
(0-)1-7 per areole, evenly distributed on stem segments, arching downward, yellow with extreme reddish brown basal portions, aging deep red to black, often twisted, the longest 65-75 mm, smaller ones depressed, whitish.
2
n
= 66.
Flowering spring (Apr-May). Sonoran Desert, sandy bajadas; 500-800 m; Ariz.; Mexico (Sonora).
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12e.
Opuntia
engelmannii
Salm-Dyck
ex
Engelmann
var.
flexispina
(Griffiths) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava, Madroño. 35: 348. 1988.
Opuntia flexispina
Griffiths, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 87. 1916;
O. strigil
Engelmann var.
flexispina
(Griffiths) L. D. Benson
Stem segments
ovate to subcircular, 20-35 × 15-30 cm, to 1.5 times longer than wide.
Spines
(0-)1-5 per areole, evenly distributed on stem segments, deflexed sharply (not arching) or recurving laterally, yellow, sometimes with brown basal portions, flexible, the longest 50-80 mm.
Flowering spring. Rangelands, on hills; of conservation concern; 100-200 m; Tex.
Opuntia engelmannii
var.
flexispina
is recognized here reluctantly because it is so poorly known; more study is required to assess its status. Its distribution is limited to Webb and Zapata counties, Texas, according to D. Weniger (1970).
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12c.
Opuntia
engelmannii
Salm-Dyck
ex
Engelmann
var.
lindheimeri
(Engelmann) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava, Madroño. 35: 346. 1988.
Texas pricklypear
Opuntia
lindheimeri
Engelmann, Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 207. 1850;
O. lindheimeri
var.
lehmannii
L. D. Benson;
O. lindheimeri
var.
tricolor
(Griffiths) L. D. Benson;
O. subarmata
Griffiths;
O. tardispina
Griffiths
Stem segments
broadly obovate to subcircular, 15-30 × 12.5-25 cm, sometimes broader than wide, to 1.5 times longer than wide.
Spines
(0-)1-6 per areole, evenly distributed on stem segment to absent, yellow throughout, sometimes with red or red-brown extreme bases, aging blackish, longest 12-75 mm.
2
n
= 66.
Flowering spring (Mar-Jun). Chihuahuan Desert, plains to woodlands and chaparral, sandy to gravelly or rocky soils; 0-1900 m; La. , N.Mex., Tex.; Mexico; South Africa (introduced).
L. D. Benson (1982) grouped all large, yellow-spined plants in the Texas region under
Opuntia lindheimeri
. Plants known as
O. lindheimeri
var.
lehmannii
have large, wavy stem segments that are broader than long.
Opuntia lindheimeri
var.
tricolor
(Griffiths) L. D. Benson is a morphotype with long, yellow spines to 75 mm; and
O. subarmata
Griffiths is a morphotype with spineless or nearly spineless stems.
Although
Opuntia engelmannii
var.
lindheimeri
is a hexaploid, like the rest of
O. engelmanni
, several individuals were recorded as 2
n
= 22, 44, and ca. 44; however, such numbers require taxon verification.
Opuntia engelmannii
var.
lindheimeri
hybridizes with
O. stricta,
forming hexaploid
O.
×
alta
Griffiths, and with
O. macrorhiza
Engelmann, forming pentaploid
O.
×
edwardsii
V. E. Grant & K. A. Grant.
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12b.
Opuntia
engelmannii
Salm-Dyck
ex
Engelmann
var.
linguiformis
(Griffiths) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkava, Madroño. 35: 347. 1988.
Cow's tongue pricklypear
Opuntia linguiformis
Griffiths, Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 19: 270, plate 27 (lower). 1908;
O. lindheimeri
Engelmann var.
linguiformis
(Griffiths) L. D. Benson
Stem segments
lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, becoming very elongate, often falcate, 35-120+ × 8-17.5 cm, 2+ times longer than wide.
Spines
0-3 per areole, absent or irregularly to regularly arranged at most distal areoles, yellow, aging blackish, longest 12-30 mm.
2
n
= 66.
Flowering spring (Apr-May). Deserts; 100-600 m; Ariz., Tex.; Mexico (Coahuila).
Opuntia
engelmannii
var.
linguiformis
is widely cultivated, at times escaping and becoming established in native desert vegetation. It was questionably reported to be native in Bexar County, Texas (D. Weniger 1984).
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Updated: 2024-04-19 16:17:59 gmt
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