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Paralichthys aestuarius Gilbert and Scofield, 1898
CORTEZ FLOUNDER
Halibut; Cortez halibut

Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Paralichthyidae   Paralichthys

Paralichthys aestuarius
© Copyright Photographer/SFTEP, 2002 · 0
Paralichthys aestuarius

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Overview
Main identification features
  • teeth = large canines
  • dark brown
  • dorsal fin 75-85 anal fin 57-67
  • gill rakers: 24-31
  • adult: eyeside scales smooth
Eyes on left side; body height 43-44% of standard length; head length 27% of standard length; mouth large, 50% head length, ends under middle lower eye; teeth are large canines, especially at front of mouth; 24-31 rakers on 1st gill arch; lateral line extending onto head, with branches to upper eye and below lower eye, strongly arched over pectoral fin; bases of pelvics symmetric; urinary papilla on eye side, immediately behind level of anus; eye-side pectoral 50% of head length; 72-85 dorsal rays; 57-67 anal rays; tail blunt point; 96-119 lateral line scales; eye-side scales smooth and with small accessory scales on adults, rough on juveniles; blind side scales smooth.

Eye side pale chocolate brown, juveniles sometimes with ocelli; blind side pale.

Size: 58.3 cm.

Habitat: soft bottoms, including estuaries.

Depth: 0-45 m.

Central Baja and the Gulf of California.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos).
Depth Range Max: 45 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); octopus/squid/cuttlefish; mobile benthic worms; bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=32; Southern limit=24; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-108; Latitudinal range=8; Longitudinal range=7.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel; Estuary.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 58.3 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent only; Continent; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; Cortez province endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Marine.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Balart , E. F. , Castro-Aguirre , J. L. , Aurioles-Gamboa , D. , García-Rodriguez , F. and Villavicencio-Garayzar, C., 1995., Adiciones a la ictiofauna de Bahía de la Paz, Baja California Sur, México., Hidrobiologica, 5:79-85.
  • Breder, C.M. Jr., 1936., Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1926. Heterosomata to Pediculati from Panama to Lower California., Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ., 2(3):1-56.
  • Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142.
  • Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp.
  • Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
  • Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
  • Gilbert , C. H. and Scofield, N. B., 1898., Notes on a collection of fishes from the Colorado Basin in Arizona., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 20:487-499.
  • Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part III., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:2183-3136.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
  • Minckley, W.L., 2002., Fishes of the lowermost colorado river, its delta, and estuary: a commentary on biotic change. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:63-78.
  • Pérez-Mellado, J., Findley, LL. F., 1985., Evaluación de la ictiofauna acompañante del camarón capturado en las costas de Sonora y norte de Sinaloa, México. In Yáñez-Arancibia, A. (Ed.) Recursos pesqueros potenciales de México: La pesca acompañante del camarón., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Cap. 5:201-254.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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