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Parapercis maculata, Harlequin sandperch
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Parapercis maculata
Picture by
Cornish, A.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Perciformes/Uranoscopoidei
(Sand dwellers) >
Pinguipedidae
(Sandperches)
Etymology:
Parapercis:
Greek, para = the side of + Greek, perke = perch (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on authors:
Bloch
&
Schneider
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 8 - 25 m (Ref.
90102
). Tropical
Western Indian Ocean.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
11441
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 5;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 21;
Anal
spines
: 1;
Anal
soft rays
: 17;
Vertebrae
: 30. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body color in life light brown dorsally, center of scales whitish, 6 irregular, semicircular brown blotches along back that link narrowly to large dark brown spots on about lower 2/3 of body, with the spots vertically elongate anteriorly, horizontally elongate and darker posteriorly; head orangish brown with small dark brown spots dorsally on snout and nape, 7 narrow bluish white bars (3 on opercle and preopercle, 4 radiating from ventral and anterior part of eye); dorsal and anal fins are translucent whitish, the spinous dorsal with a large black basal spot mainly between the 3rd and 5th spines; rows or round orange spots on soft dorsal fin; small irregular white spots on anal fin; dark brown about lower third of caudal fin with small whitish spots along rays, the rest of the fin light grey with small white and orange spots along rays; D V,21, all rays branched; A I,17 all rays branched; pectoral rays 16-17, branched except uppermost; 57-58 lateral line scales; gill rakers 4-6 + 8-10; lower jaw projecting, 3 pairs of canine teeth anteriorly in jaws; palatine teeth absent; vomerine teeth in a chevron-shaped patch of 3-4 rows; greatest body depth 5.05-6 in SL; head length (HL) 3.5-3.9 in SL; orbit diameter 3.6-4.4 in HL; preopercle's posterior margin with widely spaced, small, blunt serrae; opercle scales ctenoid, cheek scales weakly ctenoid dorsally, becoming cycloid, progressively smaller, nonimbricate ventrally; fourth dorsal spine is the longest, 3.1-3.8 in HL; caudal fin emarginate on dorsal half, often with protruding upper lobe, becoming rounded on ventral half; pectoral fins 5.1-5.4 in SL; pelvic fins just reaching anus (Ref.
79876
).
Coastal species found in shallow estuaries and protected coastal bays to depths of about 25 m (Ref.
48636
). Inhabit sand bottoms solitarily (Ref.
90102
). Minimum depth reported from Ref. 48636.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Randall, J.E.
, 2008. Six new sandperches of the genus
Parapercis
from the Western Pacific, with description of a neotype for
P. maculata
(bloch and Schneider). The Raffles Bull. Zool. 19:159-178. (Ref.
79876
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Not Evaluated
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 26.3 - 29.3, mean 28.3 °C (based on 1011 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00311 - 0.01538), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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Page last modified by :
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- 20 July 2016
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