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Parupeneus trifasciatus, Doublebar goatfish : fisheries
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Parupeneus trifasciatus
Picture by
Randall, J.E.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Mulliformes
(Goatfishes) >
Mullidae
(Goatfishes)
Etymology:
Parupeneus:
Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river
.
More on author:
Lacepède
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 80 m (Ref.
1602
). Tropical; 24°N - 33°S, 28°E - 112°E
Indian Ocean: Oman and East Africa south to South Africa and east to Christmas Island and Java, Indonesia.
Included in the
Parupeneus trifasciatus
complex are:
Parupeneus trifasciatus
from the Indian Ocean;
Parupeneus crassilabris
from eastern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific, east to Fiji, Tonga, and the Caroline Islands; and
Parupeneus insularis
from the more eastern islands of Oceania.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
30573
); common length : 27.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
30573
); max. published weight: 656.00 g (Ref.
125599
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 8;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 9;
Anal
spines
: 1;
Anal
soft rays
: 7.
This occasionally schooling species inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs: juveniles on reef flats, adults tend to occur around rocky or coralline areas of high vertical relief. Feeds on crustaceans at daytime and on fishes and crab larvae at night. Also feeds on worms (Ref.
6113
). Occurs in 3 color forms. The Indian Ocean form has 2 sharply defined wedge-shaped bars become narrower and sometimes end on the belly. The Indo-Australian form has 3 very distinct dark patches and rows of yellow spots on the sides. The Pacific Plate form has 2 wide bars that extend to the belly (Ref.
37816
). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Randall, J.E. and R.F. Myers
, 2002.
Parupeneus insularis
, a new central pacific species of goatfish (Perciformes:Mullidae) of the
P. trifasciatus
complex. Zool. Stud. 41(4):431-440. (Ref.
45589
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
12 August 2019
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 23.6 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 1364 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00535 - 0.01235), b=3.18 (3.06 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 33.2 [16.8, 74.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.307 [0.155, 0.679] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [14.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.128 [0.073, 0.231] g/100g; Selenium = 56 [27, 128] μg/100g; VitaminA = 195 [39, 810] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.531 [0.319, 1.009] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
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