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Pleuronichthys ocellatus Starks and Thompson, 1910
OCELLATED TURBOT
Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Pleuronectidae   Pleuronichthys

Pleuronichthys ocellatus
www.fao.org Copyright Michel Lamboeuf · 0
Pleuronichthys ocellatus
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Overview
Main identification features
  • crest between eyes: low, no spine
  • 1 ocellus + 2 dark spots
  • tail base: wide
  • eyes right side, large
Eyes on right side; upper eye relatively large (8.5-10.9% of standard length); ridge between eyes relatively low, without spine at each end; body widest in middle; mouth small; lips with transverse folds; teeth concentrated on blind side of mouth; 1 row small teeth on eye-side lower jaw; 10-14 (usually 12) rakers on 1st gill arch; rear edge of preopercle free and visible; origin of dorsal fin under blind side; pelvics symmetrically arranged; lateral line straight on body, with branch onto nape and along front half of back under dorsal fin; tail base relatively wide (minimum is 3.8-4.4% of body height); dorsal 61-72 rays; anal 44-49 rays; eye-side pectoral 9 rays; ~89 scales on lateral line.

Eye side pale brown, with 1 large ocellated spot (black with white ring) on midback & 2 large dark blotches under ends of dorsal and anal fins, scattered irregular white spots.

Size: 24 cm.

Habitat: sand and mud bottoms.

Depth: 1-140 m.

Central Baja; the upper 2/3 of the Gulf of California.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap).
Depth Range Max: 140 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: mobile benthic worms; mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; bony fishes; octopus/squid/cuttlefish; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs).
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=32; Southern limit=25; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-110; Latitudinal range=7; Longitudinal range=5.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Mud; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 24 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent only; Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Cortez + Mexican provinces endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Breder, C.M. Jr., 1936., Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1926. Heterosomata to Pediculati from Panama to Lower California., Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ., 2(3):1-56.
  • De la Cruz , J. , Galvan , F. , Abitia , L. A. , Rodriguez , J. and Gutierrez, F. J., 1994., Lista sistematica de los peces marinos de Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico). Systematic List of marine fishes from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico)., Ciencias Marinas, 20:17-31.
  • Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
  • Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
  • Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
  • Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part III., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:2183-3136.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
  • Minckley, W.L., 2002., Fishes of the lowermost colorado river, its delta, and estuary: a commentary on biotic change. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:63-78.
  • Rodríguez-Romero, J., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sanchez, F.J., Aguilar-Palomino, B., Arvizú-Martínez, J., 1998., Ecology of fish communities from the soft bottoms of Bahía Concepción, México., Arch. Fish. Mar. Res., 46:61-76.
  • Starks , E. C. and Thompson, W. F., 1910., A review of the flounders belonging to the genus Pleuronichthys., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 38:277-287.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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