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Pleuronichthys verticalis Jordan and Gilbert, 1880
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Pleuronichthys verticalis
www.fao.org Copyright Michel Lamboeuf · 0
Pleuronichthys verticalis
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Overview
Main identification features
  • crest between eyes; high, with rear spine
  • dark, darker blotches
  • eyes right side
Eyes on right side; a high, compressed ridge between eyes high, with prominent sharp back-pointing spine at rear end, sometimes spine at front as well; body widest in middle; mouth small; lips with transverse folds; both jaws without teeth on eye side; small teeth in bands on both blind-side jaws; 9-11 rakers on 1st gill arch; rear edge of preopercle free and visible; origin of dorsal on body under blind side, 1st 4-6 rays on that side; pelvics symmetrically arranged; lateral line straight on body, with branch onto nape and along front half of back under dorsal fin; dorsal 65-75 rays; anal 44-51 rays; pectoral 10-12 rays; lateral line scales 88-103.

Eye side dark brown to yellowish brown with irregular grey blotches, often marbled; blind side white.

Size: 37 cm.

Habitat: soft bottoms.

Depth: 5-237 m.

California to southern Baja; an isolated population in the upper western Gulf of California.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap).
Depth Range Max: 237 m.
Depth Range Min: 5 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); octopus/squid/cuttlefish; mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; bony fishes; mobile benthic worms.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=46; Southern limit=25; Western limit=-126; Eastern limit=-112; Latitudinal range=21; Longitudinal range=14.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: TEP non-endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Mud; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 37 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent only; Continent; Temperate Eastern Pacific, primarily; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; California province, primarily; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • De la Cruz , J. , Galvan , F. , Abitia , L. A. , Rodriguez , J. and Gutierrez, F. J., 1994., Lista sistematica de los peces marinos de Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico). Systematic List of marine fishes from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico)., Ciencias Marinas, 20:17-31.
  • Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
  • Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
  • Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
  • Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
  • González Navarro , E. and Saldierna Martínez, R., 1997., Zooplancton de la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S. (1990-1991). En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:43-58.
  • Hubbs, C.L., 1916., Notes on the Marine Fishes of California., Univ. Calif. Pubs. Zool., 16:153-169.
  • Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part III., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:2183-3136.
  • Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1880., Description of a new flounder (Pleuronichthys verticalis), from the coast of California, with Notes on other Species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 3:49-51.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
  • Osburn , R. C. and Nichols, J. T., 1916., Shore Fishes Collected by the 'Albatross' Expedition in Lower California with Descriptions of New Species., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35:139-181.
  • Pérez-Mellado, J., Findley, LL. F., 1985., Evaluación de la ictiofauna acompañante del camarón capturado en las costas de Sonora y norte de Sinaloa, México. In Yáñez-Arancibia, A. (Ed.) Recursos pesqueros potenciales de México: La pesca acompañante del camarón., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Cap. 5:201-254.
  • Starks , E. C. and Thompson, W. F., 1910., A review of the flounders belonging to the genus Pleuronichthys., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 38:277-287.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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