Click on map for details about points. IDnature guide Fish Links We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. FishBase Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Potamotrygon&speciesname=histrix ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Potamotrygon&speciesname=histrix http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Potamotrygon&speciesname=histrix ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Potamotrygon&speciesname=histrix https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Potamotrygon&speciesname=histrix ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Potamotrygon-histrix.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Species in    Potamotrygon Species in    Potamotrygonidae - Classification - Potamotrygoninae Potamotrygonidae Myliobatiformes Elasmobranchii Chordata Animalia Potamotrygon histrix ( Müller & Henle , 1839 ) Porcupine river stingray Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Google image Potamotrygon histrix Picture by Landines, M. Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) > Potamotrygoninae Etymology: Potamotrygon: Greek, potamos = river + Greek, trygon = a sting ray (Ref. 45335 ) . More on authors: Müller & Henle . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Freshwater; benthopelagic; dH range: 10 - ?; potamodromous (Ref. 51243 ). Subtropical; 24°C - 26°C (Ref. 12468 ) Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri South America: Paraná-Paraguay River basin. Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm Max length : 40.0 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 27188 ); max. published weight: 15.0 kg (Ref. 27548 ) Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Occurs in marshy zones where it is frequently found partially hidden in the sandy bottom. This behavior, associated with its perfect immobility and its capacity to undergo homochromy, makes it practically undetectable to the eye. Like all species of this family, P. hystrix has a tail which is equipped with one or more spines which fall spontaneously and are replaced 2 or 3 times a year. At a length of 4 to 6 cm, the spine is a barbed, flattened skeletal formation inserted dorsally in the middle portion of the tail. Its structure is similar to that of a tooth and appears as an ivory cone covered with enamel. The spine is coated with an extremely toxic mucus produced by the cells of the skin and inflicts very painful wounds (Ref. 27188 ). Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Carvalho, Marcelo | Collaborators Compagno, L.J.V. , 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )   Data deficient (DD)  ; Date assessed: 24 June 2003 CITES Appendix III: International trade cooperation CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans   Harmless Human uses Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: public aquariums FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Electrophoreses Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.2   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Assuming Fec<10). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  High vulnerability (58 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Medium . Comments & Corrections Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : Laguna, Philippines Page last modified by : mrius-barile Updated: 2024-04-24 13:45:13 gmt FishBase | Search | All Living Things | Top © Designed by The Polistes Corporation