© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12 Prionotus ruscarius Click on map for details about points. IDnature guide SFTEP Links We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. FishBase 80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 Set display option above. Click on image to enlarge. © Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12 Prionotus ruscarius 2 thumbnails  •  slide show español Overview Main identification features 1st dorsal fin clear flank: scales rough c: 2-3 bars of spots preopercular crest: 2 rear spines pectoral: short and angular, center blotch, edges black anal fin has 10-11 rays Pectoral fin relatively short (shorter than head, only reaching about to anus), rear margin angular at top, straight to slightly concave along rear edge,3rd-4th rays longest, 13 rays, 3 free rays shorter than fin, topmost not reaching to tip of pelvic; head not flattened, as wide as deep; deeply concave between eyes; snout very broad, front plates slightly projecting, rounded; 2 spines at rear of preopercular crest; spines on sides of snout and before & under eye stout, curved; teeth on roof of mouth in 2 bands; 6 movable rakers on 1st gill arch; 1st dorsal 10 spines, 1st spine with inner 1/4 smooth to rough, next 2 spines smooth, 1st 2 spines about same length; 2nd dorsal 11-12 rays, 1st ray smooth; pelvics medium length ; anal 10-11 rays; tail slightly concave, top lobe slightly longer than bottom lobe; scales very rough on back and sides, smooth on breast, belly and nape; opercular flap with smooth scales; 50-52 scales on lateral line. Color: Olive brown above, pale to white below; body and fins tinted red; body with two faint dark bars, one under 1st dorsal, another under rear 2 of 2nd dorsal; gill cavity blackish; dorsals translucent, 1st with front tip blackish, 2nd with dark rear base, blackish margin (except tips of rays), without spots; tail - 1-2 irregular vertical rows of dusky spots, rear third with white rays and black membranes; anal and pelvics clear; pectoral with clear center and dark edges. Size: 34 cm. Habitat: sand-mud bottoms. Depth: 4-107 m. Lower Baja California and the northern and eastern Gulf of California to Chile. Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ). Depth Range Max: 107 m. Depth Range Min: 4 m. Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); octopus/squid/cuttlefish; mobile benthic worms; mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=32; Southern limit=-12; Western limit=-115; Eastern limit=-76; Latitudinal range=44; Longitudinal range=39. Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Carnivore. FishBase Habitat: Demersal. Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species. Habitat: Mud; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 34 cm. Regional Endemism: Continent only; Continent; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Marine; Brackish. Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only; Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Links to other sites Fishbase Catalog of Fishes Integrated Taxonomic Information System References Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741. Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142. Castro-Aguirre , J. L. and Balart, E. F., 1997., Contribución al conocimiento de la ictiofauna de fondos blandos y someros de la Ensenada de La Paz y Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:139-150. Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp. De la Cruz , J. , Galvan , F. , Abitia , L. A. , Rodriguez , J. and Gutierrez, F. J., 1994., Lista sistematica de los peces marinos de Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico). Systematic List of marine fishes from Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur (Mexico)., Ciencias Marinas, 20:17-31. Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional. Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398. Gilbert , C.H. and Starks, E.C., 1904., The fishes of Panama Bay., Mem. Calif. Acad.Sci., 4:1-304. Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2. Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26. Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp. Madrid Vera , J. , Ruíz Luna , A. and Rosado Bravo, I., 1998., Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42(2):267-276. Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1928., The marine fishes of Panama. Part III., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:709-1045. Minckley, W.L., 2002., Fishes of the lowermost colorado river, its delta, and estuary: a commentary on biotic change. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:63-78. Pérez-Mellado, J., Findley, LL. F., 1985., Evaluación de la ictiofauna acompañante del camarón capturado en las costas de Sonora y norte de Sinaloa, México. In Yáñez-Arancibia, A. (Ed.) Recursos pesqueros potenciales de México: La pesca acompañante del camarón., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Cap. 5:201-254. Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp. Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183. Teague, G. W., 1951., The sea-robins of America a revision of the triglid fishes of the genus Prionotus., Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 3:1-59. Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224. Acknowledgements Ross Robertson, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page. 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