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Rhinobatos lionotus, Smoothback guitarfish : fisheries
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drawing shows typical species in Rhinobatidae.
Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) >
Rhinopristiformes
(Shovelnose rays) >
Rhinobatidae
(Guitarfishes)
Etymology:
Rhinobatos:
Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek, batis, -idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Norman
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; amphidromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 70 - 76 m (Ref.
123963
). Tropical; 24°N - 5°N, 66°E - 91°E (Ref.
114953
)
Indian Ocean: West Bengal to Myanmar, upper Bay of Bengal (India) to possibly Arabian Sea; Sri Lanka (Ref.
114953
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
114953
)
Short description
Morphology
|
Morphometrics
This species is distinguished by the following set of characters: disc is wedge-shaped, rather large, its width 35-37% TL, its length 1.2-1.3 times width; snout is relatively short, length 2.5-2.7 times interspiracular distance, ~3.4 times interorbital width; orbit diameter 1.2-1.4 times the spiracle length; nostrils are moderately oblique, length 1.3-1.5 times internarial distance; mouth width 6.3-6.9% TL; preoral length 5.5-5.9 times internarial distance; posterior nasal flaps are broad; two spiracular folds, the outermost fold subequal to marginally taller than inner fold; ridges of the rostral cartilage almost parallel, widely separated, converging slightly anteriorly but not constricted medially; anterior cartilage weakly sickle-shaped, almost truncate posteriorly; distance between the fifth gill slits 2.5-2.7 times in ventral head length; prebranchial sensory pore system distinct, extending posteriorly to margin of first gill slit; postscapular sensory canal notched, the lateral pores exposed; with weak thorn patches on supraorbit and scapular region, and row of rudimentary thorns (inconspicuous) along dorsal midline; denticles on dorsal fins densest anteriorly, more sparse posteriorly; dorsal fins are small, height of first 7.7-8.1% TL; pelvic-fin inner margin subequal to or shorter than its base length; interdorsal distance 2.3-2.9 times first dorsal-fin base; dorsal caudal margin 1.9-2.0 times the preventral margin; upper jaw with ~118 tooth rows; snout angle ~61°; pectoral radials 68-72; post-synarcual centra ~164; nasal lamellae ~49. Colouration: dorsal fins brownish anteriorly while dusky posteriorly and apically; dorsal disc of adults is uniformly brown to greenish, with or without large, regularly spaced cloudy blotches (faint orange to dusky, more or less symmetrically arranged and of irregular sizes); ventral disc and tail are pale; undersurface of snout without large, black, teardrop marking (Ref.
123963
).
Found on benthic inshore areas on continental shelf to at least 76 m depth (Ref.
123963
). Also known to inhabit river mouths. Ovoviviparous (Ref.
50449
). Confused with other species in the Indian Ocean, biology unknown (Ref.
114953
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref.
50449
).
Last, P.R., B. Séret and G.J.P. Naylor
, 2019. Description of
Rhinobatos ranongensis
sp. nov.(Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae) from the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal with a review of its northern Indian Ocean congeners. Zootaxa 4576(2):257-287. (Ref.
123963
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Critically Endangered (CR)
(A2d); Date assessed:
13 May 2019
CITES
Appendix II:
International trade monitored
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00295 (0.00151 - 0.00578), b=3.13 (2.96 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Low
.
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- 20 July 2016
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