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Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782)
BITTERLING
Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Cyprinidae   Rhodeus


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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Rhodeus&speciesname=amarus ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Rhodeus&speciesname=amarus
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Rhodeus&speciesname=amarus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Rhodeus&speciesname=amarus
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Rhodeus&speciesname=amarus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Rhodeus-amarus.html
Rhodeus amarus, European bitterling : aquarium, bait
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Common name (e.g. trout)

Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua)

Rhodeus amarus ( Bloch , 1782 )

European bitterling Upload your photos  and  videos
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, Coins Misc. | Google image

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Acheilognathidae (Bitterlings)
Etymology: Rhodeus: Greek, rhodeos, a,-on = rose (Ref. 45335 ) .
More on author: Bloch .

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; benthopelagic; depth range 0 - ? m. Temperate; 60°N - 40°N

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Europe: central and eastern Europe and northern Asia Minor (Ref. 57778 ). Basins of North, southern Baltic, Black, western and southern Caspian and Aegean Seas (from Maritza to Struma drainages); Mediterranean basin, only in northern Rhône (France) and Drin drainages (Alabania, Montenegro, Macedonia). Abundant and expanding in most of its range, but locally threatened by water pollution, weed clearing, and stocking of predatory fish (Ref. 59043 ).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L m 4.4 , range 3 - 6 cm
Max length : 11.2 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 88166 ); common length : 5.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 556 ); max. reported age: 5 years (Ref. 9696 )

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8-10; Anal spines : 3; Anal soft rays : 8 - 10; Vertebrae : 34 - 36. Caudal fin with 19 to 20 soft rays. Differs from Rhodeus meridionalis by having sub-inferior mouth (vs. terminal), rostral cap covering all or at least more than half of upper lip (vs. only upper part of upper lip) (Ref. 59043 ).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Occurs most abundantly in still or slow-flowing water with dense aquatic vegetation and sand-silt bottom as lowland ponds, canals, slow-flowing rivers, backwaters and oxbows, where mussels are present (Ref. 59043 ). Found among plants over sand and muddy bottoms in shallow waters. Remarkable for its habit of deposing its eggs in the cavity of bivalves ( Unio ). Feeds mainly on plants and to a lesser degree on worms, crustaceans, and insect larvae. Formerly used for pregnancy tests: females injected with urine from pregnant women protruded their ovipositors (Ref. 6258 ). Live span is exceptionally up to 5 years but most individuals do not survive the year of their first reproduction and population sizes fluctuate greatly over the years (Ref. 59043 ).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Spawns in clear, slow-running or still water, often with a muddy bottom. The presence of nearby freshwater mussels is of vital importance. Female deposits eggs within the valves of the mussel. Male sheds sperm into the inhalent current of the respiring mussel and thereby, fertilizes the eggs. Fry remain in the mussel until protection is not anymore required.

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof , 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043 )

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )

  Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361 )

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial; bait: occasionally FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration
Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Spawning aggregation
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development
Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance
BRUVS
References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
Genetics
Electrophoreses
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Nutrients
Mass conversion
Collaborators
Pictures
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
Swim. type
Gill area
Otoliths
Brains
Vision

Tools

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Special reports

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Download XML

Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00781 - 0.01405), b=3.11 (3.05 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.0   ±0.34 se; based on food items. Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=2; tmax=5; Fec=40). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).

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Updated: 2024-03-29 07:23:32 gmt
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