© Copyright Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 2003-2021 · -1 Saccharum spontaneum fruit cluster1

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Associates · map Family Scientific name @ source (records) Apiosporaceae   Apiospora curvispora @ BPI (1) Botryosphaeriaceae   Microdiplodia melaspora @ BPI (1) Glomerellaceae   Colletotrichum falcatum @ BPI (1) Helicinidae   Hendersonia @ 872575A (1) Leptosphaeriaceae   Coniothyrium melasporum @ BPI (1) Coniothyrium sacchari @ BPI (1) Massarinaceae   Keissleriella culmifida @ BPI (2) Melanconidaceae   Melanconium sacchari @ 402584B (1); BPI (3); 402584A (1) Meliolaceae   Meliola hercules @ BPI (1) Meliola panici @ BPI (6) Meliola sacchari @ BPI (1) Phaeosphaeriaceae   Leptosphaeria @ 872575B (1) Ophiobolus spirosporus @ BPI (5) Ophiobolus @ BPI (1) Phyllachoraceae   Phyllachora sacchari-spontanei @ BPI (7) Phyllachora sacchari @ BPI (4) Pucciniaceae   Puccinia kuehnii @ BPI (3) Sclerosporaceae   Sclerospora philippinensis @ BPI (3) Sclerospora sacchari @ BPI (2) Sclerospora spontanea @ BPI (1) Sclerospora @ BPI (9) Ustilaginaceae   Ustilago scitaminea @ BPI (3) Valsaceae   Cytospora sacchari @ BPI (1) Cytospora @ BPI (1) _   Aplosporella melanconioides @ BPI (3) Lacellina graminicola @ BPI (1) Papularia arundinis @ BPI (1) Septoriella philippinensis @ BPI (2) Stagonostromella sacchari @ BPI (1)

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Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)   [   PIER species lists  ]   [   PIER home  ] Saccharum spontaneum L., Poaceae Click on an image for links to BIGGER PICTURES Present on Pacific Islands?   yes Primarily a threat at high elevations?   no Risk assessment results:   High risk, score: 17 ( Go to the risk assessment ) Common name(s): [ more details ] Bontoc : sálin Cebuano : bogáng, bugáng, tigbáu Chinese : tian gen zi cao English : serio grass, wild cane, wild sugarcane French : canne à sucre fourragère, canne sauvage Iloko : liddá Japanese : wase-abana Kosraean : ac Palauan : banga ruchel Pohnpeian : ahlec, ahlek, alek Tagalog : taláhib Tahitian : to aheo Habit:   grass Description:   "Perennial grass spreading by stout rhizomes. Culms erect, 2-4 m or more in height. Leaf sheath glabrous, with overlapping margins; ligule membranous, 3-4 mm long, with a rounded apex fringed with scattered hairs and a dense row of hairs 2-3 mm long behind it. Leaf blade mostly 50-90 x 5-15 cm. Inflorescence a plumose panicle 25-60 cm long with numerous racemes 3-15 cm long, rachis and pedicels hirsute, rachis falling off in units comprising a pair of spikelets and the rachis below them. Spikelets lanceolate, 3-4 mm long, bearded at the base, the hairs silky, 2-3 times as long as the spikelet, in unequally stalked pairs. Glumes equal, as long as spikelet, glabrous on the back. Upper lemma nearly as long as spikelet, membranous" (Whistler, 1995; p. 183). "Tall perennials , in habit much like the cultivated cane but somewhat more slender; differing chiefly in the hairy peduncles and the very fragile rachises" (Stone, 1970; p. 237). Description from GrassBase . Habitat/ecology:   "Found in waste areas, fallow fields, marshes, banks of streams and ponds, on sand dunes, along railroads and highways, and in or around fields.  It is a tropical and subtropical species most commonly encountered in central and southeastern Asia.  In New Guinea it grows from sea level to 1500 m and tolerates many soil textures and moisture levels'  (Holm et al ., 1997; p. 695). In Hawai‘i, "forming clumps or thickets in moist, disturbed areas such as along roadsides, 10-460 m"  (Wagner et al ., 1999; p. 1589). Propagation:   Wind-dispersed seed. Native range:   Old World Tropics. Presence: Pacific Country/Terr./St.  & Island group Location Cited status  & Cited as invasive  & Cited as cultivated  & Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference  & Comments Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands Rota Island introduced Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane (2000) (p. 24) Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands Tinian Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Saipan Saipan Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Saipan Saipan Island introduced invasive Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 88-90) Var. spontaneum ; voucher cited: Fosberg 31284 (US, BISH, POM, CANB, P) Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Saipan Saipan Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 588326) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Ulalu (Romonum) Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) var. insulare (Brongn.) Fosb. & Sachet Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) var. insulare (Brongn.) Fosb. & Sachet Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island uncertain if native invasive Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 88-90) Var. insulare (Brongn.) Fosberg & Sachet; vouchers cited: Fosberg 26052 (US, BISH), Fosberg & Peizer 26022 (US, BISH), Takamatsu 25 (US), Wong 304 (US) Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 126723) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 126724) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island Kosrae Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) var. insulare (Brongn.) Fosb. & Sachet Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island Kosrae Island native Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 10) var. insulare (Brongn.) Fosb. & Sachet. Voucher cited: KW 14105 Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island Kosrae Island uncertain if native invasive Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 88-90) Var. insulare (Brongn.) Fosberg & Sachet; vouchers cited: Lesson in 1825 (P, type), Fosberg 26644 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L) Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island Kosrae Island introduced invasive Josekutty, P. C./Wakuk, E. E./Joseph, M. J. (2002) (pp. 63-64) Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island Kosrae Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 126722) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island Kosrae Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1977) (voucher ID: BISH 432320) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) var. insulare (Brongn.) Fosb. & Sachet Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island   Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 133) Voucher cited: Glassman 2434 (US) Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island native Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 61) Vouchers cited: J. Bee 35 (NY), A. Dores 209 (NY, PTBG), F.R. Fosberg 26254 (BISH), S.F. Glassman 2434 (BISH), M. Takamatsu 605 (BISH), R. Lengsi 40 (NY), R. Lengsi 55 (NY), S.H. Riesenberg 44 (BISH), F. Sohl 14 (NY, PTBG) Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island uncertain if native invasive Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 88-90) Var. insulare (Brongn.) Fosberg & Sachet; vouchers cited: Hallier 11 (HBG), Glassman 2434 (US), Fosberg 58356 (US), Riesenberg 44 (BISH), Fosberg 26254 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L), Gabung 4 (US) Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 39576) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 126718) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 126720) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 126725) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1999) (voucher ID: PTBG 34808) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2006) (voucher ID: PTBG 49039) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands Yap (Waqab) Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands Yap (Waqab) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1957) (voucher ID: BISH 126719) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Guam Guam Island Guam Island introduced invasive Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 237) Guam Guam Island Guam Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) Guam Guam Island Guam Island introduced invasive Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 88-90) Var. spontaneum ; vouchers cited: Fosberg 46219 (US, GUAM), Stone 4287 (US, GUAM), Fosberg 35220 (US, BISH, POM, MO), Fosberg 35292 (US), Fosberg 35580 (US, BISH, POM, MO, BRI, TI), P. H. Moore 830 (US) Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1954) (voucher ID: BISH 561370) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1954) (voucher ID: BISH 588318) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1965) (voucher ID: BISH 588319) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 588324) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 649442) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 1000144) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands Moloka‘i Island introduced invasive Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1589) State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands O‘ahu Island introduced invasive Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1589) New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago Île Grande Terre introduced MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 62) Voucher cited: Vieillard 1510 Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Babeldaob Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Babeldaob Island native Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 86) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Babeldaob Island possibly native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 88-90) Var. spontaneum ; vouchers scited: Takamatsu 1307 (US), Timberlake & Payne 3132 (US), Timberlake 3094 (US), Timberlake 3117 (US) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Babeldaob Island native Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 21) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Babeldaob Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1997) (voucher ID: BISH 697859) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Babeldaob Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1981) (voucher ID: BNM 3094) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island native Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 82) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island possibly native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 88-90) Var. spontaneum ; vouchers cited: Stone 4606 (US), Stone 4589 (US), Salsedo 306 (US) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1962) (voucher ID: BNM 154) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1970) (voucher ID: BNM 153) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island native Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 82) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island possibly native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 88-90) Var. spontaneum ; voucher cited: Timberlake 3131 (US) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island native Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 21) Voucher: Lorence 9772 (PTBG, BNM) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1981) (voucher ID: BNM 3131) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2008) (voucher ID: PTBG 64) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Ngerkebesang Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Ngerkebesang Island native Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 82) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Ngerkebesang Island possibly native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 88-90) Var. spontaneum ; voucher cited: Fosberg 25648 (US, BISH, POM,NY, L) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Ngerkebesang Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 697522) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Peleliu (Beliliou) Island native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 57) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Peleliu (Beliliou) Island native Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 90) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Peleliu (Beliliou) Island possibly native Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 88-90) Var. spontaneum ; voucher cited: Fosberg 47634 (US, BISH, POM, NY, L) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Peleliu (Beliliou) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1965) (voucher ID: BISH 588709) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago Bismarck Archipelago   Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 46) Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago New Britain Island   Burcham, L. T. (1948) (p. 420) Voucher cited: Burcham 142 (US) Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Philippines Philippine Islands Philippine Islands native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Philippines Philippine Islands Philippine Islands native Merrill, Elmer D. (1925) (pp. 32-33) In open areas at low and medium altitudes, ascending to 1,500 m, often gregarious and almost exclusively occupying large areas. Samoa Western Samoa Islands Upolu Island introduced invasive Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 68) Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Guadalcanal Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 402129) Taxon name on voucher: Saccharum spontaneum L. Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Solomon Islands   Whitmore, T. C. (1969) (p. 261) Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Solomon Islands native Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 106) Pacific Rim Country/Terr./St.  & Island group Location Cited status  & Cited as invasive  & Cited as cultivated  & Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference  & Comments Australia Australia (continental) Australia (continental)   Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 316) Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia (Kingdom of) native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) China China China (People's Republic of) native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) China China Hong Kong native Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 346) On hillslopes, plains, riverbank and pebble beaches. Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia (Republic of) native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Japan Japan Japan native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia (country of) native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Singapore Singapore Singapore (Republic of) introduced invasive Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 76) Naturalised Taiwan Taiwan Island Taiwan Island native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Thailand Thailand Thailand (Kingdom of) native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Vietnam Vietnam Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) native U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Indian Ocean Country/Terr./St.  & Island group Location Cited status  & Cited as invasive  & Cited as cultivated  & Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference  & Comments Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group Christmas Island introduced invasive Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 126) Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) Mauritius Island   Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 316) Seychelles Seychelles Islands Seychelles Islands introduced Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) Comments:   Two varieties present in Micronesia (both are considered native there). On U.S. Federal noxious weed list. The patch seen on Rota is located across from the Peace Memorial (Space et al ., 2000). Reported invasive in Panama (introduced to control erosion along the Panama Canal and now invasive—Georgina Cullman pers. com.) Control:   If you know of control methods for Saccharum spontaneum, please let us know . Need more info? Have questions? Comments? Information to contribute? Contact PIER! (pier@hear.org)   [   PIER species lists  ]   [   PIER home  ] This page was created on 1 JAN 1999 and was last updated on 30 NOV 2008.

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