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Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
ZANDER
Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Percidae   Sander


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Common name (e.g. trout)

Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua)

Sander lucioperca ( Linnaeus , 1758 )

Pike-perch Upload your photos  and  videos
Pictures | Videos | Sounds | Stamps, Coins Misc. | Google image Image of Sander lucioperca (Pike-perch) Sander lucioperca
Picture by Zienert, S.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) > Percidae (Perches) > Luciopercinae
Etymology: More on author: Linnaeus .

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; brackish; pelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243 ); depth range 2 - 30 m (Ref. 30578 ), usually 2 - 3 m (Ref. 27368 ). Temperate; 6°C - 22°C (Ref. 2059 ); 67°N - 36°N, 1°W - 75°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Europe and Asia: Caspian, Baltic, Black and Aral Sea basins; Elbe (North Sea basin) and Maritza (Aegean basin) drainages. North to about 65° N in Finland. Introduced widely (Ref. 59043 ). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739 ).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L m 37.2 , range 28 - 46 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043 ); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 556 ); max. published weight: 20.0 kg (Ref. 40476 ); max. reported age: 17 years (Ref. 59043 )

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 13 - 20; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18-24; Anal spines : 2-3; Anal soft rays : 10 - 14; Vertebrae : 45 - 47. Distinguished from congeners in Europe by the following combination of characters: 1-2 enlarged canine teeth in anterior part of each jaw; second dorsal fin with 18-22½ branched rays; and 80-97 scales on lateral line (Ref. 59043 ).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Adults inhabit large, turbid rivers and eutrophic lakes, brackish coastal lakes and estuaries. Feed mainly on gregarious, pelagic fishes. They attain first sexual maturity at 3-10 years of age, usually at 4. Undertake short spawning migrations. Individuals foraging in brackish water move to freshwater habitats. Migrations up to 250 km have been recorded. Homing is well developed, even nearby populations may be relatively isolated. Spawn in pairs at dawn or night. Spawning occurs in April-May, exceptional from late February until July, depending on latitude and altitude when temperatures reach 10-14° C on spawning grounds (Ref. 59043 ). Popularly fished by sport fishers. Its flesh is succulent (Ref. 30578 ). Utilized fresh or frozen and eaten steamed, broiled and microwaved (Ref. 9988 ). An individual weighing 19 kg was reportedly caught in 1959 in Starnberger, Bavaria, Germany (Peter Admicka, pers. Comm. E-mail: peter.adamicka@oeaw.ac.at).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

The spawning places are over gravel in moving water (Ref. 205 ). "Males are territorial and excavate shallow depressions about 50 cm in diameter and 5-10 cm deep in sand or gravel, or among exposed plant roots on which eggs are deposited, usually in turbid water and at 1-3 m depth. Spawn in pairs, at dawn or night. The female remains over the nest while the male circles rapidly around, at about 1 meter from the nest. Then male takes a vertical orientation and both swim around swiftly, and eggs and sperm are released, The female leaves the nest after all eggs are released. The male defends the nest and fans the eggs with his pectorals. Females spawn once a year, laying all the eggs at one time (Ref. 88075 ). Feeding larvae are positively phototactic and feed on pelagic organisms after they leave the nest for open water" (Ref. 59043 ).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof , 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043 )

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )

  Least Concern (LC)  ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361 )

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Potential pest (Ref. 57271 )





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums FAO - Aquaculture: production , species profile ; Fisheries: landings , species profile ; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Countries
FAO areas
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Ecology
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Common names
Synonyms
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Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
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Eggs
Egg development
Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
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Length-frequencies
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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Aquaculture: production , species profile ; Fisheries: landings , species profile ; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5312   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00495 - 0.00701), b=3.12 (3.07 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  4.0   ±0.78 se; based on food items. Generation time: 8.2 (5.8 - 12.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 19 growth studies. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.10-0.24; tmax=16; Fecundity=10,000). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  High vulnerability (62 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Unknown . Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 50.9 [29.3, 80.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.262 [0.132, 0.524] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.9, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.496 [0.193, 0.969] g/100g; Selenium = 2.25 [0.74, 7.60] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17 [6, 52] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.729 [0.551, 0.986] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

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Updated: 2024-03-19 10:12:41 gmt
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