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Scorpaena guttata Girard, 1854
CALIFORNIA SCORPIONFISH
Spotted scorpionfish

Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Scorpaenidae   Scorpaena

Scorpaena guttata
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Scorpaena guttata

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Overview
Main identification features
  • red brown - body and fins dense dark spots
  • 73-86 vertical rows scales
Head large, depressed, spiny; deep depression before and behind eye; ridge below eye normally without spines, but sometimes wiith 2-3 spines; no skin flaps on head or body; teeth on sides and front of roof of mouth; 15-19 spines on first gill arch; dorsal XII, 9; pectoral 17-19 rays, upper rays branched; anal III, 5; scales smooth, 24-26 on lateral line; 73-86 vertical rows of scales.

Body, head and fins red-brown; body densely covered with dark brown and black spots; fins with large dark spots, those on dorsal fin in 2-3 rows.

Size: 47 cm.

Habitat: rocky, sandy and rubble bottoms.

Depth: 1-183 m.

California to lower Baja, with an isolated population in the upper half of the Gulf of California.


Attributes
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap).
Depth Range Max: 183 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); octopus/squid/cuttlefish; bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=37; Southern limit=25; Western limit=-122; Eastern limit=-111; Latitudinal range=12; Longitudinal range=11.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: East Pacific endemic; TEP non-endemic; All species.
Habitat: Sand & gravel; Rocks; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Reef (rock &/or coral); Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Reef and soft bottom.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 47 cm.
Regional Endemism: California province, primarily; Continent only; Continent; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
  • Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
  • Girard, C., 1854., Observations upon a collection of Fishes made on the Pacific coast of the United States, by Liut. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A., for the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7:142-156.
  • Gotshall, D.W., 1996., Fishes of Rocas Alijos. In Rocas Alijos. Ed. R. W. Schmieder. Cornell Expeditions., Kluwer Academic Publishers: 347-354.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
  • Pondella II, D.J., Gintert, B.E., Cobb, J.R., Allen, L.G., 2005., Biogeography of the nearshore rocky-reef fishes at the southern and Baja California islands., Journal of Biogeography, 32:187-201.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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Scorpaena guttata, California scorpionfish : fisheries, gamefish
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Common name (e.g. trout)

Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua)

Scorpaena guttata Girard , 1854

California scorpionfish Add your observation in Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Scorpaena guttata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Pictures | Videos | Google image Image of Scorpaena guttata (California scorpionfish) Scorpaena guttata
Picture by Love, M.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei (Scorpionfishes) > Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes or rockfishes) > Scorpaeninae
Etymology: Scorpaena: Latin, scorpaena = a kind of fish, 1706 (Ref. 45335 ) .
More on author: Girard .

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 26 - 183 m (Ref. 2850 ), usually ? - 30 m (Ref. 2850 ). Subtropical; 37°N - 27°N, 123°W - 112°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Santa Cruz in central California, USA to Punta Abreojos, Baja California; including northern Gulf of California and Guadalupe Island in Mexico.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4690 ); max. reported age: 21 years (Ref. 56049 )

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Usually occurs in rocky areas of bays and along shore, especially in caves and crevices (Ref. 2850 ). Prefers depths less than 26 m (Ref. 121641 ). An excellent food fish (Ref. 2850 ). Venomous spines in the dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins (Ref 13513). Minimum depth range based on occurrence (Ref. 121641 ).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann , 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850 )

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435 )

  Data deficient (DD)  ; Date assessed: 01 May 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361 )

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Venomous (Ref. 4690 )





Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | RFE Identification | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 18.9 - 22.4, mean 20.8 °C (based on 10 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.01150 - 0.03306), b=3.07 (2.93 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  3.8   ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives Generation time: 8.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.12-0.3; tmax = 21; tm = 2). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). Price category (Ref. 80766 ):   Low . Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 72 [37, 169] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.54, 2.09] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.538 [0.254, 1.425] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [15.6, 80.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [5.8, 48.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.769 [0.543, 1.121] mg/100g (wet weight);

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