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Snout long, pointed; mouth ends under front edge of pupil; dorsal rays VII+I,30-35; anal rays II (reduced or embedded in large fish) + I,19-22; gill rakers on first arch (excluding rudiments) 19-22 (7-10 + 15-20); lateral line with slight arch over pectoral region; no scutes; caudal fin base with a slight fleshy keel on each side and with dorsal and ventral grooves.
Blue on upper back, sides and belly silvery to white; a narrow bronze stripe along middle of body, becoming yellow posteriorly; most fins including tail yellowish.
Maximum size to at least 250 cm and 52 Kg.
Mainly pelagic; forms large offshore schools.
Depth: 0-300 m.
Circumglobal in temperate and subtropical waters; in our area from central Mexico northwards, and from Costa Rica south of Peru, plus Galapagos and Malpelo.
Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ); Antitropical (North and South temperate). Depth Range Max: 300 m. Depth Range Min: 0 m. Diet: octopus/squid/cuttlefish; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); bony fishes. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=49; Southern limit=-20; Western limit=-125; Eastern limit=-70; Latitudinal range=69; Longitudinal range=55. Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Carnivore. FishBase Habitat: Bentho-Pelagic. Global Endemism: Circumtropical ( Indian + Pacific + Atlantic Oceans); East Pacific + Atlantic (East +/or West); Transisthmian (East Pacific + Atlantic of Central America); East Pacific + all Atlantic (East+West); All Pacific (West + Central + East); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species. Habitat: Water column; Rocks; Macroalgae; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Reef (rock &/or coral). Inshore Offshore: Inshore; In & Offshore; Offshore. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 250 cm. Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Brackish; Marine. Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Bottom; Near Surface; Bottom; Bottom + water column;
Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1994., Fishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific., Crawford House Press Pty Ltd:1-332.
Breder, C.M. Jr., 1936., Scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the "Pawnee" 1926. Heterosomata to Pediculati from Panama to Lower California., Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ., 2(3):1-56.
Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
Cuvier , G. and Valenciennes, A., 1833., Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome neuvième. Suite du livre neuvième. Des Scombéroïdes., Histoire Naturelle Des Poissons, 9:1-512.
Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
Galván-Magaña, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., Pérez-España, H., Chávez-Ramos, H., 1996., Systematics list of the fishes from Cerralvo island, Baja California Sur, Mexico., Ciencias Marinas, 22:295-311.
Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
Gill, T.N., 1863., Catalogue of the fishes of Lower California, in the Smithsonian Institution, collected by Mr. J. Xantus. Part 4., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 15:80-88.
Gotshall, D.W., 1996., Fishes of Rocas Alijos. In Rocas Alijos. Ed. R. W. Schmieder. Cornell Expeditions., Kluwer Academic Publishers: 347-354.
Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
Jordan , D.S. and Bollman, C.H., 1890., Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-88, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross'., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 12:149-183.
Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1883., Catalogue of the fishes collected by Mr. John Xantus at Cape San Lucas, which are now in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of eight new species., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 5(1882):353-371.
Lea, R.N. and Walker Jr., H.J., 1995., Record of the bigeye trevally, Caranx sexfasciatus, and Mexican lookdown, Selene brevoorti, with notes on other carangids from California., Calif. Fish & Game, 81:89-95.
Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1925., The marine fishes of Panama. Part II., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:331-707.
Osburn , R. C. and Nichols, J. T., 1916., Shore Fishes Collected by the 'Albatross' Expedition in Lower California with Descriptions of New Species., Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35:139-181.
Pondella II, D.J., Gintert, B.E., Cobb, J.R., Allen, L.G., 2005., Biogeography of the nearshore rocky-reef fishes at the southern and Baja California islands., Journal of Biogeography, 32:187-201.
Ramírez Rodríguez, M., 1997., Producción pesquera en la Bahía de La Paz, B.C.S.. En Urbán Ramírez, J. y M. Ramírez Rodríguez (Eds.). La Bahía de La Paz investigación y conservación., Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur:273-282.
Ricker, K.E., 1959., Mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from Acapulco to Cape San Lucas during the 1957 cruise of the "Marijean"., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 3:18pp.
Rubio, E.A., 1986., Notas sobre la ictiofauna de la Isla de Gorgona, Colombia., Boletin Ecotropica. Univ. Bog. Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 13:86-112.
Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Carangiformes
(Jacks) >
Carangidae
(Jacks and pompanos) > Naucratinae
Etymology:
Seriola:
Latin word diminutive with the meaning of a large earthenware pot (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Valenciennes
.
Issue
Junior synonyms
Seriola aureovittata
Temminck and Schlegel, 1845 (in Japan, Northwest Pacific) and
Seriola dorsalis
(Gill, 1863) (in California, Pacific Baja, and the Gulf of California, Mexico; Northeast Pacific ) are considered valid with
Seriola lalandi
Valenciennes 1833 confined in Brazil, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Chile (Southern distribution only), according to Martinez-Takeshita et al., 2015 (Ref.
121056
).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Circumglobal in subtropical waters: Series of disjunct populations. Indo-Pacific: South Africa, Walter Shoals, Amsterdam Island, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Hawaii, Rapa, Pitcairn Island, and Easter Island. Eastern Pacific: British Columbia, Canada to Chile (Ref.
2850
), including Desventuradas Is. and Juan Fernández Is. (Ref.
89357
). Eastern Atlantic: St. Helena, South Africa (Ref.
7097
).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
, range 51 - ? cm
Max length : 250 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
27865
); common length : 80.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9137
); max. published weight: 96.8 kg (Ref.
40637
); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref.
72462
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 5 - 6;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 33-35;
Anal
spines
: 2-3;
Anal
soft rays
: 20 - 21. The only jack without scutella on the caudal peduncle. Dark blue dorsally and almost white ventrally; with a well defined line of demarcation between the two colors.
Adults are benthopelagic in coastal and oceanic waters, off kelp beds and rocky areas (Ref.
2850
), sometimes entering estuaries (Ref.
9563
). They are solitary or in small groups and can be found near rocky shores, reefs and islands (Ref.
6390
). Schools of juveniles are generally found in offshore waters, often near or beyond the continental shelf (Ref.
27865
). They prefer warmer water (18-24°C) although they are occasionally found in cooler water (Ref.
27128
). Adults feed on small fish, squid and crustaceans (Ref.
27121
). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref.
9283
).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley
, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref.
7300
)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 9 - 23, mean 14.9 °C (based on 1169 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.00972 - 0.03408), b=2.93 (2.76 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.13; tm=2; tmax=12).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.49, Based on 5 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Low
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 21.2 [12.9, 45.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.82 [0.48, 1.56] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [15.5, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.387 [0.235, 0.660] g/100g; Selenium = 64.4 [33.2, 123.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23 [3, 158] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.461 [0.323, 0.665] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
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