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Sialia mexicana Swainson, 1832 Western Bluebird

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Higher taxa:  Life   Vertebrata   Aves   Muscicapidae   Sialia   Global map IDnature guides: Bird_species, Birds, Birds2 We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. Bird Population Studies, USGS Breeding Bird Survey, USGS Seattle Audubon Society Cornell Lab of Ornithology Seattle Audubon Society Map, USGS Seattle Audubon Society CalPhotos

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© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2007 Sialia mexicana, Western Bluebird	© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2007 Sialia mexicana, Western Bluebird
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2007 Sialia mexicana, Western Bluebird	© Larry Thompson, 2007 Sialia mexicana, Western Bluebird
© Larry Thompson, 2007 Sialia mexicana, Western Bluebird

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Scientific source:       Integrated Taxonomic Information System

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ID Tips Life History BBS Map CBC Map Egg Taxonomy(ITIS) Glossary Back to List Western bluebird Sialia mexicana Identification Tips: Length: 5.5 inches Thin bill Most often seen in open habitats: agricultural areas, wood edges, et al Adult male: Bright blue upperparts and throat Brownish patch on back Orange-red breast and sides Gray belly and undertail coverts Adult female: Blue wings and tail-duller than male Gray crown and back Eye ring Gray throat Brownish wash to breast and sides Gray belly and undertail coverts Juvenile: Blue wings and tail-duller than male White eye ring Spotted underparts Similar species: The Western Bluebird is most likely to be confused with other bluebirds. Male Western Bluebirds have blue throats while male Easterns have orange-red ones. Male Mountain Bluebirds lack any reddish coloration on their underparts. Females are more difficult to separate. Western Bluebirds have gray throats and gray bellies while Eastern Bluebirds have a brownish throat and white belly. Western Bluebirds are browner on the breast than Mountain Bluebirds and have thicker bills. Length and wingspan from: Robbins, C.S., Bruun, B., Zim, H.S., (1966). Birds of North America. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc. Patuxent Bird Population Studies Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter Adult male Adult male Adult female

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Home Birds Ecoregions and Birding Sites Species of Special Concern Bird Details General Description Pictures Habitat Behavior Diet Nesting Migration Status Conservation Status When and Where Abundance Washington Range Map Family Members Northern Wheatear Western Bluebird Mountain Bluebird Townsend's Solitaire Veery Gray-cheeked Thrush Swainson's Thrush Hermit Thrush Dusky Thrush Redwing American Robin Varied Thrush Quick Links Seattle Audubon Sound to Sage Breeding Bird Atlas On-line Nature Shop Photo courtesy of Denny Granstrand Click for WA Range Map Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae Status: Fairly common summer, mostly east. Rare winter. Listen: Source of Bird Audio General Description North American Range The deep blue on the head, wings, and tail of the male Western Bluebird contrast with the bold rufous coloring on its breast and between its shoulders. The female is a faded version of the male and has a white eye-ring that the male lacks. back to top Pictures [Enlarge] back to top Habitat Western Bluebirds are found in open coniferous forests, farmlands, and steppe habitats, often eastern Washington at the edges where the forest meets the steppe zone. Forest openings and clearings and agricultural areas are also good habitat for the Western Bluebird. In winter, they inhabit a wider variety of open and semi-open terrain, especially piñon-juniper forests, farmlands, and deserts. back to top Behavior Western Bluebirds are often seen perching alone on fence wires, posts, snags, or tree branches by open meadows, pouncing on the ground to catch insects. They also fly out to catch aerial prey and grab insects from twigs and leaves. back to top Diet In summer, Western Bluebirds eat primarily insects. In winter, berries and small fruits become more important parts of the diet, with mistletoe, juniper, and elderberry all important food items. back to top Nesting The male arrives on the breeding grounds before the female, and defends the nesting territory by singing. They are cavity-nesters, finding a natural hollow in a tree, an old woodpecker hole, a hole in a building, or a man-made nest box. Preferred nest-holes are fairly low, less than 50 feet from the ground. The female builds the nest, although the male may help. The nest is a loose cup of twigs and weeds, lined with finer plant materials. The female incubates the 4 to 6 eggs, while the male brings her food. Once the eggs hatch, she broods the young while he continues to bring food. They both feed the young, which fledge at 2 to 3 weeks, The adults then have a second brood. back to top Migration Status The Western Bluebird is the least migratory of the bluebirds, and much of its migration is altitudinal rather than latitudinal. In eastern Washington, most birds migrate south in the fall to locations throughout the southwestern United States and central Mexico. Small flocks occasionally remain through the winter in valleys, especially in mild winters. To the west of the Cascades, most of the population retreats to lower elevations in the winter. On both sides of the mountains, the winter range varies with food sources. In any case, they are very uncommon in winter. back to top Conservation Status In recent decades, the Western Bluebird has declined over much of its range. This decline is well documented in western Washington where it is attributed to a combination of competition with House Sparrows and European Starlings for nesting cavities, a reduction of natural cavities, and regional climactic changes that have resulted in reduced numbers of prey. An intense nest box program has helped a population in the Fort Lewis area to rebound, and helped with the re-establishment of breeding pairs in other areas of western Washington where Western Bluebirds once were present. back to top When and Where to Find in Washington Western Bluebirds can be found in eastern Washington at the edges where the forest meets the steppe. They are also found in open coniferous forest, especially Ponderosa pine. They are especially common in areas where nest box projects have provided them with adequate cavities. Nest boxes are in place in Kittitas, Yakima, Klickitat, Walla Walla, Columbia, and Garfield Counties. In western Washington, Mountain Bluebirds are now regular, but uncommon, in the Fort Lewis area, and rare in forest clearings in King, Pierce, Thurston, and Mason Counties, and in prairie areas near Port Townsend (Jefferson County), at the mouth of the Naselle River (Pacific County), Forks (Clallam County), and other sites on the eastern Olympic Peninsula. They can also be found year round in Skamania County. Click here to visit this species' account and breeding-season distribution map in Sound to Sage , Seattle Audubon's on-line breeding bird atlas of Island, King, Kitsap, and Kittitas Counties. back to top Abundance C=Common; F=Fairly Common; U=Uncommon; R=Rare; I=Irregular Ecoregion Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Oceanic Pacific Northwest Coast R R R R R R R R R R R R Puget Trough R R U U U U U U U R R R North Cascades R R R R R R West Cascades R R U U U U U U U R R R East Cascades R R U F F F F F U U R R Okanogan U C C C C C C C C U Canadian Rockies U U F F F F F F U Blue Mountains R F F C C C C U R Columbia Plateau R R U U U U U U U U R R back to top Washington Range Map back to top ©2005-2008 Seattle Audubon Society Credits

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County level Survey Presence or Absence Maps Click on Bird of Interest for Map Bonapartes Gull (Larus philadelphia) Gull-billed Tern (Sterna nilotica) Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) Royal Tern (Sterna maxima) Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis) Forsters Tern (Sterna forsteri) Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii) Least Tern (Sterna antillarum) Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) Black Skimmer (Rhynchops niger) () Blue-footed Booby (Sula nebouxii) Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus) Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) Double-crest. Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) Olivaceous Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) Brandts Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatu) Pelagic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pelagicus) American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) Magnif. Frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) Common Merganser (Mergus merganser) Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) American Black Duck (Anas rubripes) Mexican Duck (Anas diazi) Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula) Gadwall (Anas strepera) American Wigeon (Anas americana) Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera) Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) Redhead (Aythya americana) Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris) Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) Barrows Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) Oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis) Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) Common Eider () Black Scoter (Melanitta americana) White-winged Scoter (Melanitta deglandi) Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) Snow Goose (Anser caerulescens) Ross Goose () Gr. White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Atlantic Brant (Branta bernicla) Black Brant (Branta nigricans) Black-bell. Whist. Duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) Fulvous Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna bicolor) Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus) Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) Roseate Spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja) White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi) Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis) Great White Heron (Ardea occidentalis) Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Great Egret (Casmerodius albus) Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) Reddish Egret (Egretta rufescens) Tricolored Heron (Egretta tricolor) Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) Green Heron (Butorides virescens) Black-crn. Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) Yellow-crn. Night Heron (Nycticorax violacus) Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) King Rail (Rallus elegans) Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris) Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) Sora (Porzana carolina) Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracensi) Black Rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) Purple Gallinule (Porphyrula martinica) Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) American Coot (Fulica americana) Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) Wilsons Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) Short-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus griseus) Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) Stilt Sandpiper (Micropalama himantopus) Red Knot () Purple Sandpiper (Calidris maritima) Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) White-rumped Sandpiper () Bairds Sandpiper () Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) Dunlin (Calidris alpina) Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) Sanderling () Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa) Hudsonian Godwit (Limosa haemastica) Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmat) Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda) Buff-breasted Sandpiper () Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) Whimbrel (Numenius hudsonicus) Black-bellied Sandpiper () American Golden-plover (Pluvalis dominica) Pacific Golden-plover (Pluvalis fulva) Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) Wilsons Plover (Charadrius wilsonia) Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) Surfbird (Aphriza virgata) Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) Black Turnstone (Arenaria melanocephala) American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Am. Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix) Chukar (Alectoris chukar) Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) Mountain Quail (Oreortyx pictus) Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata) California Quail (Callipepla californica) Gambels Quail (Callipepla gambelii) Montezuma Quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) Spruce Grouse (Dendragapus canadensis) Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) Greater Prairie Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido) Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) Sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Plain Chachalaca (Ortalis vetula) Band-tailed Pigeon (Columba fasciata) Red-billed Pigeon (Columba flavirostris) Rock Dove (Columba livia) White-crowned Pigeon (Columba leucocephala) Spotted Dove (Streptopelia chinensis) Ringed Turtle Dove () Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi) White-winged Dove (Zenaida asiatica) Common Ground-dove (Columbina passerina) Inca Dove (Columbina inca) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) Black-bellied Plover () White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus) Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis) Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) Coopers Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) HarrisHawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) Zone-tailed Hawk (Buteo albonotatus) White-tailed Hawk (Buteo albicaudatus) Swainsons Hawk (Buteo swainsoni) Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) Common Black-hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus) Gray Hawk (Asturina plagiata) Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus) Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis) Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) () Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus) Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) Merlin (Falco columbarius) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Crested Caracara (Caracara plancus) Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Common Barn Owl (Tyto alba) Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) Barred Owl (Strix varia) Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis) Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) Eastern Screech-owl (Otus asio) Whiskered Screech Owl () Western Screech-owl (Otus kennicottii) Flammulated Owl (Otus flammeolus) Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) Burrowing Owl (Speotyto cunicularia) Northern Pygmy-owl (Glaucidium gnoma) Ferruginous Pygmy-owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) Elf Owl (Micrathene whitneyi) Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) Canary-winged Parakeet (Brotogeris versicolurus) Smooth-billed Ani (Crotophaga ani) Groove-billed Ani (Crotophaga sulcirostris) Greater Roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) Mangrove Cuckoo (Coccyzus minor) Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) Black-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus erythropthalmus) Elegant Trogon (Trogon ambiguus) () Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) Ringed Kingfisher (Megaceryle torquata) Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryle americana) Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) Ladder-back. Woodpecker (Picoides scalaris) Nuttalls Woodpecker (Picoides nuttallii) Stricklands Woodpecker (Picoides arizonae) Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) Yellow-bell. Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius) Red-naped Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) Red-breasted Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus ruber) Williamsons Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus thyroideus) Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalu) Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) LewisWoodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) Golden-fronted Woodpkr (Melanerpes aurifrons) Gila Woodpecker (Melanerpes uropygialis) Yellow-shafted Flicker (Colaptes auratus) Red-shafted Flicker (Colaptes cafer) Chuck-wills-widow (Caprimulgus carolinensis) Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus) Common Poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii) Common Pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) Antillean Nighthawk (Chordeiles gundlachii) Lesser Nighthawk (Chordeiles acutipennis) Black Swift (Cypseloides niger) Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica) Vauxs Swift (Chaetura vauxi) White-throated Swift (Aeronautes saxatalis) Magnificent Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) Blue-thr. Hummingbird (Lampornis clemenciae) Ruby-thr. Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) Black-chin. Hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri) Costas Hummingbird (Calypte costae) Annas Hummingbird (Calypte anna) Broad-tail. Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus) Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) Allens Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin) Calliope Hummingbird (Stellula calliope) Lucifer Hummingbird (Calothorax lucifer) Buff-bel. Hummingbird (Amazilia yucatanensis) White-eared Hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis) Broad-bill. Hummingbird (Cynanthus latirostris) Scissor-tail Flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus) Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) Gray Kingbird (Tyrannus dominicensis) Couchs Kingbird (Tyrannus couchii) Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis) Cassins Kingbird (Tyrannus vociferans) Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) Sulphur-bel. Flycatcher (Myiodynastes luteiventris) Grt. Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) Brown-crest. Flycatcher (Myiarchus tyrannulus) Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens) Dusky-capped Flycatcher (Myiarchus tuberculifer) Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) Says Phoebe (Sayornis saya) Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus borealis) Greater Pewee (Contopus pertinax) Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens) Western Wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus) Yellow-bell. Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris) Cordilleran Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis) Pacific-slope Flycatchr (Empidonax difficilis) Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorium) Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Hammonds Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii) Dusky Flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri) Gray Flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii) Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica) Yellow-billed Magpie (Pica nuttalli) Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) Stellers Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) Western Scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) Gray-breasted Jay (Aphelocoma ultramarina) Green Jay (Cyanocorax luxuosus) Brown Jay (Psilorhinus morio) Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) Common Raven (Corvus corax) Chihuahuan Raven (Corvus cryptoleucus) American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Northwestern Crow (Corvus caurinus) Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus) Clarks Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) Bronzed Cowbird (Molothrus aeneus) Yellow-head. Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthoceph) Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) Tricolored Blackbird (Agelaius tricolor) Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) Audubons Oriole (Icterus graduacauda) Altamira Oriole (Icterus gularis) Spot-breasted Oriole (Icterus pectoralis) Scotts Oriole (Icterus parisorum) Hooded Oriole (Icterus cucullatus) Orchard Oriole (Icterus spurius) Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) Bullocks Oriole (Icterus bullockii) Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) Brewers Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula) Boat-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus major) Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinu) Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator) Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus) Cassins Finch (Carpodacus cassinii) House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) White-winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) Common Redpoll (Carduelis flammea) American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) Lesser Goldfinch (Carduelis psaltria) Lawrences Goldfinch (Carduelis lawrencei) Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus) Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) Chestnut-col. Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) Mccowns Longspur (Calcarius mccownii) Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) Bairds Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii) Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) Henslows Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) Le Contes Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii) Saltm. Shrp-tl. Sparrow (Ammodramus caudacutus) Nelsons Shp-tl. Sparrow () Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus) Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) HarrisSparrow (Zonotrichia querula) White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) () Eastern WC Sparrow () Gambels WC Sparrow () Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla) White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) Brewers Sparrow (Spizella breweri) Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) Black-chinned Sparrow (Spizella atrogularis) White-winged Junco () Slate-colored Junco (Junco hyemalis) Dark-eyed Junco () Yellow-eyed Junco (Junco phaeonotus) Gray-headed Junco (Junco caniceps) Black-throated Sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata) Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli) Bachmans Sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) Botteris Sparrow (Aimophila botterii) Cassins Sparrow (Aimophila cassinii) Rufous-crowned Sparrow (Aimophila ruficeps) Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) Lincolns Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana) Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) Olive Sparrow (Arremonops rufivirgatus) Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus) Canyon Towhee (Pipilo fuscus) California Towhee (Pipilo crissalis) Aberts Towhee (Pipilo aberti) Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilo chlorurus) Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Pyrrhuloxia (Cardinalis sinuatus) Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus) Blue Grosbeak (Guiraca caerulea) Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) Lazuli Bunting (Passerina amoena) Varied Bunting (Passerina versicolor) Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) Dickcissel (Spiza americana) Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea) Hepatic Tanager (Piranga flava) Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra) Purple Martin (Progne subis) Cliff Swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota) Cave Swallow (Hirundo fulva) Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina) Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) N. Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripenni) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens) Northern Shrike (Lanius excubitor) Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) Black-whiskered Vireo (Vireo altiloquus) Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus) Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) Yellow-throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons) Solitary Vireo (Vireo solitarius) Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapillus) White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus) Huttons Vireo (Vireo huttoni) Bells Vireo (Vireo bellii) Gray Vireo (Vireo vicinior) Black-&-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) Swainsons Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorus) Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora pinus) Brewsters Warbler () Lawrences Warbler () Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) Lucys Warbler (Vermivora luciae) Virginias Warbler (Vermivora virginiae) Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla) Orange-crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata) Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina) Northern Parula (Parula americana) Tropical Parula (Parula pitiayumi) Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina) Olive Warbler (Peucedramus taeniatus) Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) Black-thr. Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) Myrtle Warbler (Dendroica coronata) Yellow-rumped Warbler () Audubons Warbler (Dendroica auduboni) Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia) Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata) Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca) Yellow-throated Warbler (Dendroica dominica) Graces Warbler (Dendroica graciae) Black-thr. Gray Warbler (Dendroica nigrescens) Golden-cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) Black-th. Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) Townsends Warbler (Dendroica townsendi) Hermit Warbler (Dendroica occidentalis) Kirtlands Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) Pine Warbler (Dendroica pinus) Palm Warbler (Dendroica palmarum) Prairie Warbler (Dendroica discolor) Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) Louisiana Waterthrush (Seiurus motacilla) Kentucky Warbler (Oporornis formosus) Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis) Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia) Macgillivrays Warbler (Oporornis tolmiei) Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens) Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) Wilsons Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) Painted Redstart (Myioborus pictus) House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) Red-faced Warbler (Cardellina rubrifrons) American Pipit (Anthus rubescens) Spragues Pipit (Anthus spragueii) American Dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus) Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) Bahama Mockingbird (Mimus gundlachii) Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) Long-billed Thrasher (Toxostoma longirostre) Curve-billed Thrasher (Toxostoma curvirostre) Bendires Thrasher (Toxostoma bendirei) California Thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum) Crissal Thrasher (Toxostoma crissale) Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneica) Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus) Canyon Wren (Catherpes mexicanus) Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) Bewicks Wren (Thryomanes bewickii) House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis) Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris) Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) Red-whiskered Bulbul () White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) Brown-headed Nuthatch (Sitta pusilla) Pygmy Nuthatch (Sitta pygmaea) Tufted Titmouse (Parus bicolor) Black-crested Titmouse (Parus atricristatus) Plain Titmouse (Parus inornatus) Bridled Titmouse (Parus wollweberi) Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus) Carolina Chickadee (Parus carolinensis) Mexican Chickadee (Parus sclateri) Mountain Chickadee (Parus gambeli) Boreal Chickadee (Parus hudsonicus) Chestnut-bkd Chickadee (Parus rufescens) Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata) Common Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps) Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) Black-tail Gnatcatcher (Polioptila melanura) Townsends Solitaire (Myadestes townsendi) Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) Veery (Catharus fuscescens) Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus) Swainsons Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) American Robin (Turdus migratorius) Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius) Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana) Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides)

Following modified from Seattle Audubon Society

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Following modified from CalPhotos

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CalPhotos     Photo Database   Number of matches : 22 Query: SELECT * FROM img WHERE ready=1 and taxon like "Sialia mexicana%" and (lifeform != "specimen_tag" OR lifeform != "Animal") ORDER BY taxon Click on the thumbnail to see an enlargement Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0404 0923 [detail] © 2004 Tom Greer tbphotos@comcast.net Sialia mexicana ID: 0000 0000 1204 0698 [detail] © 2004 George W. Hartwell Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0306 0808 [detail] © 2006 John Pelafigue Sialia mexicana ID: 0000 0000 1206 0948 [detail] © 2006 George W. Hartwell Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0207 0087 [detail] © 2007 Tom Greer tbphotos@comcast.net Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0207 0088 [detail] © 2007 Tom Greer tbphotos@comcast.net Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0207 0089 [detail] © 2007 Tom Greer tbphotos@comcast.net Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0207 0090 [detail] © 2007 Tom Greer tbphotos@comcast.net Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0207 0091 [detail] © 2007 Tom Greer tbphotos@comcast.net Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0207 0092 [detail] © 2007 Tom Greer tbphotos@comcast.net Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0207 0882 [detail] © 2007 Ram Vasudev Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0307 0112 [detail] © 2007 Ram Vasudev Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0708 0176 [detail] © 2008 Ron Wolf Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0708 0177 [detail] © 2008 Ron Wolf Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0708 0178 [detail] © 2008 Ron Wolf Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0708 0179 [detail] © 2008 Ron Wolf Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0708 0180 [detail] © 2008 Ron Wolf Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0708 0181 [detail] © 2008 Ron Wolf Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0708 0182 [detail] © 2008 Ron Wolf Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0809 0131 [detail] © 2009 Sivaprasad R.L Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0809 0142 [detail] © 2009 Sivaprasad R.L Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird ID: 0000 0000 0909 1983 [detail] © 2009 Dave Mangham/www.wildlifephotos.org.uk Using these photos: A variety of organizations and individuals have contributed photographs to CalPhotos. Please follow the usage guidelines provided with each image. Use and copyright information, as well as other details about the photo such as the date and the location, are available by clicking on the [detail] link under the thumbnail. See also: Using the Photos in CalPhotos .    Copyright © 1995-2009 UC Regents. All rights reserved. CalPhotos is a project of BSCIT     University of California, Berkeley