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Sparisoma axillare, Gray parrotfish
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Sparisoma axillare
Male picture by
Krajewski, J.P.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Eupercaria/misc
(Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Scaridae
(Parrotfishes) > Sparisomatinae
Etymology:
Sparisoma:
Latin, sparus = a fish with a golden head + Greek, soma = body (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Steindachner
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 70 m (Ref.
40827
). Tropical
Southwest Atlantic: endemic to Brazil and its oceanic islands.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.6 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
111982
)
Short description
Morphology
|
Morphometrics
TP individuals readily separated from
S. rubripinne
by the presence of a distinctive bright-yellow area on the pectoral -fin axil, blackish caudal fin margins, yellowish dorsal and anal fins, and general body color which is grayish-white in
S. axillare
and blue-green in
S. rubripinne
. Initial phase individuals of
S. axillare
are brownish-gray with a yellow stain on the flanks and different from
S. rubripinne
by the absence of a bright- yellow area on the caudal peduncle and caudal fin. Head profile more rounded
S. axillare
(Ref.
40827
).
Maximum depth from Ref. 126840. Occurs in oceanic islands, dwelling in coral, algal and rocky reefs and on algal beds (Ref.
40827
). An herbivore (Ref.
33499
), cleaned by
Elacatinus figaro
observed off the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (Ref.
40102
) and by
Pomacanthus paru
observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref.
40094
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Moura, R.L., J.L. de Figueiredo and I. Sazima
, 2001. A new parrotfish (Scaridae) from Brazil, and revalidation of
Sparisoma amplum
(Ranzani, 1842),
Sparisoma frondosum
(Agassiz, 1831),
Sparisoma axillare
(Steindachner, 1878) and
Scarus trispinosus
Valenciennes, 1840. Bull. Mar. Sci. 68(3):505-524. (Ref.
40827
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Data deficient (DD)
; Date assessed:
15 September 2009
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 23.6 - 27.6, mean 26.8 °C (based on 199 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00813 - 0.02041), b=3.10 (2.97 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 2.0 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 44.3 [26.0, 82.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.654 [0.359, 1.101] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.1, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.101 [0.060, 0.163] g/100g; Selenium = 33.3 [19.5, 61.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 51 [16, 164] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.61 [1.12, 2.55] mg/100g (wet weight);
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