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Sphoeroides trichocephalus (Cope, 1870)
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Sphoeroides trichocephalus
© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12
Sphoeroides trichocephalus

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Sphoeroides trichocephalus
© Copyright Gerald Allen, 2006 · 0
Sphoeroides trichocephalus
español

Overview
Main identification features
  • wide and convex between eyes
  • back: white spots
  • dwarf
  • snout short, steep
  • dark pectoral base
Dorsal rays 8; anal rays 6-7; body relatively robust, height ~2.5-3.0 in standard length; wide and convex between eyes; snout short, steep; small spines on forehead, breast and belly, rest of body smooth; tail straight to slightly concave.

Olive or brownish, with small white spots ~5 dark saddles on back; silvery white on lower sides; pectoral base dark.

Size: grows to at least 12.6 cm.

Lives in turbid bays, usually on soft sandy and silty bottoms.

Depth: 1-10 m.

Southern Baja and the Tres Marias Islands (Mexico) to Chile.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 10 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: octopus/squid/cuttlefish; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=25; Southern limit=-13; Western limit=-112; Eastern limit=-76; Latitudinal range=38; Longitudinal range=36.
Egg Type: Benthic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Estuary; Mud; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only; Sand & gravel.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 12.6 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent only; Continent; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; Mexican + Panamic provinces endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Marine.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Bussing , W. A. and Lopez, M. I., 1994., Demersal and pelagic inshore fishes of the Pacific coast of lower central America. An illustrated guide., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 1994:1-164.
  • Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
  • Chirichigno, N., 1998., Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru., Instituto del Mar del Peru, Informe., 44(2 Ed.):1-387.
  • Cope, E. D., 1870., Observations on some Fishes new to the American Fauna, found at Newport, R. I. By Samuel Powell., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 22:118-121.
  • Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo .  Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
  • Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
  • Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
  • Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
  • Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
  • Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
  • Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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