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Overview |
Main identification features
- slender
- 18-22 long bars; dorsal fin anal fin and tail: dark
- c: with central lobes
- pelvic under pectoral
- lateral line has 120-130 scales
Elongate, cylindrical, slender; long head, long pointed snout; mouth large, horizontal, lower jaw longer; jaws and roof of mouth with large, pointed teeth; two well separated dorsal fins, first with V spines, second I,8 rays; lateral line complete, straight; origin of pelvic fins under pectoral, before first dorsal fin; scales smooth, 120-130 on lateral line; tail fin forked, with central lobes, particularly in large fish; opercle with 2 flat spines; anal 7 rays; pectoral 13 rays; teeth erect, compressed.
Bluey-grey above, silvery below, 18-22 oblique dark bars on back that extend well below lateral line; dorsals, tail and anal fin blackish, last 2 rays of anal pale, contrasting.
Size: 170 cm.
Habitat: coastal and oceanic, nearbottom to surface, often around reefs.
Depth: 0-100 m.
Indo-Pacific; the SE Gulf of California, Guatemala, western Panama, central Ecuador, and Clipperton Is and Gorgona Island (Colombia).
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 100 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: bony fishes.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=22; Southern limit=-2; Western limit=-110; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=24; Longitudinal range=32.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 170 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Bottom; Near Surface; Water column only;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Acero, A. and Franke, R., 2001., Peces del parque nacional natural Gorgona. En: Barrios, L. M. y M. Lopéz-Victoria (Eds.). Gorgona marina: Contribución al conocimiento de una isla única., INVEMAR, Serie Publicaciones Especiales No. 7:123-131.
- Allen , G.R. and Robertson, D.R., 1997., An Annotated Checklist of the fishes of Clipperton Atoll, Tropical Eastern Pacific., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 45:813-843.
- Klunzinger,., 1870., Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. I. Theil. Percoiden-Mugiloiden., Verh. K.-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 20:669-834.
- Smith , M. M. and Heemstra, P., 1986., Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg: Macmillan South Africa. 1047 pp., Macmillan South Africa:1047pp.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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Following modified from Australian Faunal Directory
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Following modified from Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network
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&pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/eng/taibnet_species_detail.php?gen=Sphyraena&spe=qenie |
Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Sphyraena&speciesname=qenie ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Sphyraena&speciesname=qenie http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Sphyraena&speciesname=qenie ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Sphyraena&speciesname=qenie https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Sphyraena&speciesname=qenie ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Sphyraena-qenie.html
Sphyraena qenie, Blackfin barracuda : fisheries, gamefish
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Teleostei (teleosts) >
Carangaria/misc
(Various families in series Carangaria) >
Sphyraenidae
(Barracudas)
Etymology:
Sphyraena:
Greek, sphyraina, -es = the name of a fish (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Klunzinger
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref.
89972
). Tropical; 30°N - 24°S
Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref.80050); Red Sea and East Africa to the central Indian Ocean and French Polynesia. Eastern Pacific: Mexico and Panama. The exact range is uncertain because of confusion with
Sphyraena jello
and
Sphyraena putnamae
(Ref.
9768
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 170 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9710
); common length : 80.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9768
); max. published weight: 7.1 kg (Ref.
40637
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 6;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 9;
Anal
spines
: 2;
Anal
soft rays
: 7 - 9. Many dark bars crossing lateral line on body, each bar oblique in upper half, but nearly vertical in the lower; caudal fin largely blackish. No gill rakers on first arch; upper and lower gill arch with rough platelets, each platelet not bearing distinct spine.
Found near current-swept lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref.
9710
). Feeds on fishes (Ref.
89972
). Usually seen in large semi-stationary schools during the day (Ref.
9768
) which have a tendency to occupy the same site for months or even years at a time. Probably disperses at night to feed (Ref.
1602
). Often hooked by trolling between dusk and dawn (Ref.
37816
). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
In general, barracudas in large numbers aggegate during spawning season and migrate to specific spawning areas (Ref.
240
).
De Sylva, D.P. and F. Williams
, 1986. Sphyraenidae. p. 721-726. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref.
5491
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Not Evaluated
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref.
4537
)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 26.1 - 29, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1626 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00339 - 0.01546), b=2.92 (2.74 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
Medium
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 9.8 [4.8, 25.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.241 [0.113, 0.501] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [18.2, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.0769 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 47 [19, 118] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33 [7, 160] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.4 [0.3, 0.7] mg/100g (wet weight);
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