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Sphyrna tudes, Smalleye hammerhead : fisheries
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Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes
(Ground sharks) >
Sphyrnidae
(Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
Etymology:
Sphyrna:
Probable misspelling of
sphyra
(Gr.), hammer, referring to their hammer-shaped heads. (
See ETYFish
)
;
tudes:
Latin for hammer, referring to its hammer-shaped head. (
See ETYFish
)
.
More on author:
Valenciennes
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; benthopelagic, usually ? - 12 m (Ref.
244
). Subtropical; 46°N - 57°S, 73°W - 37°E (Ref.
244
)
Southwest Atlantic: Venezuela to Argentina (Ref.
58839
). Also Mediterranean Sea and Eastern Pacific (Ref.
7251
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 134 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
244
); 148.0 cm TL (female)
A little-known inshore shark of the continental shelf, found down to at least 12 m depth. Feeds on small bony fishes, including sea catfish and grunts, but also newborn scalloped hammerheads, swimming crabs, squids, and shrimp. Viviparous with a yolk-sac placenta; number of young probably 6 to 9 per litter (Ref.
244
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Viviparous, with yolk-sac plazenta; number of young probably 6 - 9 per litter. Size at birth about 30 cm.
Compagno, L.J.V.
, 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref.
244
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Critically Endangered (CR)
(A2bd); Date assessed:
01 July 2019
CITES
Appendix II:
International trade monitored
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: subsistence fisheries
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 17.6 - 27.8, mean 21.1 °C (based on 613 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5029 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00347 (0.00157 - 0.00767), b=3.12 (2.93 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.6 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Fec=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
High
.
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- 20 July 2016
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