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Overview |
Main identification features
- dark brown +pale around tail base
- pectoral border: yellow
- juvenile: dark + back green, tail white and clear
Dorsal rays XII, 15 or 16 (occasionally 14); anal rays II, 13 (rarely 12 or 14); pectoral rays 20 or 21 (rarely 22); lateral- line scales 20 (rarely 19, 21, or 22); gill rakers on lower limb of first arch 10-12; greatest body depth 1.8-2.0 in standard length.
Overall dark brown with darker scale outlines, often with white band on caudal peduncle; with a blue iris and white outer edge of pectoral fin. Juvenile dark with olive green nape, upper back and spiny dorsal, and a dark ocellus at rear base of dorsal fin.
Closely related to S. baldwini of Clipperton Island, but has a different color pattern, and the adult males of S. leucorus have a dense cover of microscopic papillae on the outer half of the pectoral fin that is lacking in S. baldwini
Size: grows to 17 cm.
Habitat: common along rocky shores.
Depth: 0-18 m.
Abundant in the Revillagigedos Islands; also locally common at Central to southern Baja, and occurs in the central and southern Gulf of California to central Mexico.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos).
Depth Range Max: 18 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: sessile worms; mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); benthic microalgae; sessile crustacea.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=30; Southern limit=19; Western limit=-116; Eastern limit=-104; Latitudinal range=11; Longitudinal range=12.
Egg Type: Benthic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Omnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Corals; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom); Rocks; Reef (rock &/or coral); Reef only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 17 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); TEP endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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References |
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813.
- Fowler, H.W., 1944., Results of the Fifth George Vanderbilt Expedition (1941) (Bahamas, Caribbean sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands). The Fishes., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel., Monographs, 6:57-529.
- Galván-Magaña, F., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, F., Abitia-Cárdenas, L.A., Rodríguez-Romero, J., 2000., The distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the Baja California Sur lagoons. In Aquatic Ecosystems of Mexico: Status and Scope. Eds. M. Manuwar, S.G. Lawrence, I.F. Manuwar & D.F. Malley. Ecovision World Monograph Series., Backhuys Publishers:383-398.
- Gilbert, C.H., 1892., Scientific results of explorations by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross." 22. Descriptions of thirty-four new species of fishes collected in 1888 and 1889, principally among the Santa Barbara Islands and in the Gulf of California., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 14:539-566.
- Gotshall, D.W., 1996., Fishes of Rocas Alijos. In Rocas Alijos. Ed. R. W. Schmieder. Cornell Expeditions., Kluwer Academic Publishers: 347-354.
- Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part II., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1241-2183.
- Jordan , and McGregor,., 1898., List of fishes collected at the Revillagigedo archipelago and neighboring islands., Rept. U.S. Fisheries Comm., 24:271-284.
- Kendall , W.C. and Radcliffe, L., 1912., The shore fishes. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, ... by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer ALBATROSS, from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garret, U.S.N., Commanding. XXV., Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 35(3):75-171.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Madrid Vera , J. , Ruíz Luna , A. and Rosado Bravo, I., 1998., Peces de la plataforma continental de Michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el Pacífico mexicano., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42(2):267-276.
- Ricker, K.E., 1959., Fishes collected from the Revillagigedo Islands during the 1954-1958 cruises of the "Marijean."., Univ. Brit. Columbia Inst. Fish., Mus. Contrib., 4:10pp.
- Snodgrass , R. E. and Heller, E., 1905., Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898-1899. XVII. Shorefishes of the Revillagigedo, Clipperton, Cocos and Galapagos Island., Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 6:333-427.
- Thomson , D.A. , Findley , L.T. and Kerstitch, A.N., 2000., Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez., University of Texas Press(Revised Ed.):353.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
- Victor, B. C. and Wellington, G. M., 2000., Endemism and the pelagic larval duration of reef fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean., Marine Ecology Progress Series, 205:241-248.
- Villareal-Cavazos, A., Reyes-Bonilla, H., Bermúdez-Almada, B. and Arizpe-Covarrubias, O., 2000., Los peces del arrecife de Cabo Pulmo, Golfo de California, México: Lista sistemática y aspectos de abundancia y biogeografía., Rev. Biol. Trop., 48:413-424.
- Walker, B. W. and Baldwin, W. J., 1964., Provisional check list of fishes of the Revillagigedo islands., 18 pp.
- Wellington, G. M. and Victor, B. C., 1989., Planktonic larval duration of one hundred species of Pacific and Atlantic damselfishes (Pomacentridae)., Marine Biology, 101:557-567.
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Acknowledgements | |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Stegastes&speciesname=leucorus ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Stegastes&speciesname=leucorus
http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Stegastes&speciesname=leucorus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Stegastes&speciesname=leucorus
https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Stegastes&speciesname=leucorus ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Stegastes-leucorus.html
Stegastes leucorus, Whitetail major
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Stegastes leucorus
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Robertson, R.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Ovalentaria/misc
(Various families in series Ovalentaria) >
Pomacentridae
(Damselfishes) > Microspathodontinae
Etymology:
Stegastes:
Greek, stegastos, -e, -on = covered (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Gilbert
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 1 - 15 m (Ref.
9334
). Tropical; 30°N - 1°S
Eastern Central Pacific: Mexico, including the Revillagigedo and Guadalupe islands.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
?
range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9334
); max. reported age: 19 years (Ref.
52465
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 12;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 14-16;
Anal
spines
: 2;
Anal
soft rays
: 12 - 14. Usually with 16 dorsal spines and 12 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch (Ref.
7247
).
Adults inhabit coral and rocky inshore reefs (Ref.
9334
). Omnivorous (Ref.
9334
). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref.
205
). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref.
205
). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref.
205
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref.
205
). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref.
205
). Nests are built in holes under rocks, however, the cavity is first sandblasted thoroughly (Ref.
26281
). Eggs are sometimes attached to vertical rock surface in captive fish (Ref.
39475
).
Allen, G.R.
, 1991. Damselfishes of the world. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. 271 p. (Ref.
7247
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Vulnerable (VU)
(D2); Date assessed:
27 May 2007
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 22.3 - 28.7, mean 25.6 °C (based on 147 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.00893 - 0.04257), b=2.99 (2.81 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tmax=19).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 94.6 [47.6, 151.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.699 [0.429, 1.157] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [17.0, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.0995 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 21.4 [11.9, 40.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 85.8 [23.0, 299.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.73 [1.18, 2.53] mg/100g (wet weight);
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- 20 July 2016
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Updated: 2024-04-19 22:54:23 gmt
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