© Copyright Ross Robertson, 2006 · 12 Stellifer oscitans Click on map for details about points. IDnature guides Fish SFTEP Links We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. FishBase 1 thumbnail  •  slide show español Overview Main identification features head firm;nape scales smooth pectoral bronze c: blunt point roof mouth dark preopercle: 2 strong spines;chin: 6 pores pectoral reaches anus Head not spongy; dorsal rays IX or X + II or III, 21-25; anal rays II, 8-9 (usually 8); pectoral rays 18-21; pored lateral-line scales 47- 52; gill rakers on lower limb of first arch 27-30, total rakers 45-52; snout blunt, barely or not projecting beyond upper jaw; mouth terminal, strongly oblique; lower jaw or chin without barbels, with 6 pores; eye 3.8-4.9 in head length; teeth in villiform bands, those in outer row of upper jaw enlarged; margin of preopercle with 2 strong spines, the lower one directed downward and backward; tail margin a short, blunt central point or somewhat rounded; scales smooth in nape + body. Color silvery, greyish above, with a bronze sheen on lower half of body; fins dusky grey, except pectorals bronze; roof of mouth, dark. Size: reaches 25 cm. Inhabits coastal waters, abundant in estuaries. Depth: 1-30 m?. El Salvador to Peru. Attributes Abundance: Common. Cites: Not listed. Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo). Depth Range Max: 30 m. Depth Range Min: 1 m. Diet: zooplankton; bony fishes; pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs. Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=14; Southern limit=-4; Western limit=-90; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=18; Longitudinal range=12. Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva. Feeding Group: Carnivore; Planktivore. FishBase Habitat: Demersal. Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species. Habitat: Estuary; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only. Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only. IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed. Length Max: 25 cm. Regional Endemism: Continent; Continent only; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; Panamic province endemic; All species. Residency: Resident. Salinity: Brackish; Marine. Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only; Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Links to other sites Fishbase Catalog of Fishes Integrated Taxonomic Information System References Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741. Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen III. Vertebrados - Parte 2., FAO3:1201-1813. Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530. Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2. Jordan , D.S. and Bollman, C.H., 1890., Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-88, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross'., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 12:149-183. Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1898., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part II., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1241-2183. Jordan , D.S. and Gilbert, C.H., 1882., Descriptions of nineteen new species of fishes from the Bay of Panama., Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 1:306-335. Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26. Meek , S.E. and Hildebrand, S.F., 1925., The marine fishes of Panama. Part II., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. Publ., XV:331-707. Phillips, P. C., 1981., Annotated Checklist of Fishes at Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 29:45-58. Rojas , J. R. , Pizarro , J. F. and Castro, M.V., 1994., Diversidad y Abundancia íctica en tres áreas de manglar en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 42:663-672. Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183. Rubio, E.A., 1990., Sistematica y Abundancia de los Peces de la Familia Sciaenidae (Pisces: Perciformes) en areas Aledañas a la Bahia de Buenaventura., Memorias del VII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y Tecnologías del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :413-421. Acknowledgements Ross Robertson, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page. 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