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Eastern Atlantic: throughout the Mediterranean and western part of Black Sea.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.7 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
122896
); max. published weight: 73.88 g (Ref.
122896
); max. reported age: 4 years (Ref.
4742
)
Adults are found near rocks, mainly in eel-grass beds. Adhesive eggs laid by one or more female in nest of algae built by male (Ref.
4742
). Males grow faster than females (Ref.
4742
). Oviparous (Ref.
205
).
Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras
, 1986. Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref.
4742
)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 16.2 - 21.3, mean 18.9 °C (based on 124 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00425 - 0.00815), b=3.17 (3.08 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.36-0.90; tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 63.1 [30.6, 139.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.836 [0.443, 1.681] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [16.4, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.257 [0.141, 0.475] g/100g; Selenium = 13.7 [6.2, 28.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 67.1 [19.0, 311.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.71, 1.99] mg/100g (wet weight);
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