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Overview |
Main identification features
- dorsal fin and a: grey with clear or yellowish blotches
- lower jaw: fleshy crest
- blind side, fin, rays: less than 3 rough scales
Dorsal rays 97-101; anal rays 79-85; a single pelvic fin with 4 rays; pectoral fins absent; scales in longitudinal series 88-91; lower jaw of eye side with fleshy crest; dorsal and anal rays on blind side with < 3 rough scales along base.
Light yellow-brown, with dense irregular pale spots; dorsal and anal fins grey with clear blotches; blind side yellow to cream; lining of gut cavity not pigmented.
Size: grows to about 19 cm.
Inhabits soft sand or silt-mud bottoms.
Depth: 1-35 m.
Southern Baja and the lower Gulf of California to northern Peru.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos); Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ).
Depth Range Max: 35 m.
Depth Range Min: 1 m.
Diet: mobile benthic crustacea (shrimps/crabs); mobile benthic gastropods/bivalves; mobile benthic worms.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=28; Southern limit=-6; Western limit=-112; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=34; Longitudinal range=34.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Demersal.
Global Endemism: Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) endemic; East Pacific endemic; All species.
Habitat: Estuary; Mud; Sand & gravel; Soft bottom (mud, sand,gravel, beach, estuary & mangrove); Soft bottom only.
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 19 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Continent only; TEP endemic; Continental TEP endemic; 3 provinces (Cortez + Mexican + Panamic) endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Brackish; Marine.
Water Column Position: Bottom; Bottom only;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castri-Aguirre, J.L., Espinoza-Pérez, H. and Schmitter-Soto, J.J., 2002., Lista sitemática, biogeográfica y ecológica de la ictiofauna estuarino lagunar y vicaria de México. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:117-142.
- Clark, H.W., 1936., The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences.1932. No. 29. New and noteworthy fishes., Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4), 4:21(29):383-396.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
- Hildebrand, S.F., 1946., A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 189:1-530.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Rubio , R. E. A. and Estupiñan, F., 1990., Ictiofauna del Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga, un Analisis de su Estructura y Perspectivas para su Manejo., Memorias del VII Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias y Tecnologías del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :660-670.
- Rubio, E.A., 1986., Notas sobre la ictiofauna de la Isla de Gorgona, Colombia., Boletin Ecotropica. Univ. Bog. Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 13:86-112.
- Rubio, E.A., 1988., Estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del Pacifico de Colombia., Memorias del VI Seminario Nacional de las Ciencias del Mar. Comisión Colombiana de Oceanografía. Bogota, Colombia., :169-183.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Symphurus&speciesname=melanurus ---> http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Symphurus&speciesname=melanurus http://52.67.158.155/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Symphurus&speciesname=melanurus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Symphurus&speciesname=melanurus https://fishbase.net.br/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Symphurus&speciesname=melanurus ---> https://fishbase.net.br/summary/Symphurus-melanurus.html
Symphurus melanurus, Drab tonguefish
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Symphurus melanurus
Picture by
Allen, G.R.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Pleuronectiformes
(Flatfishes) >
Cynoglossidae
(Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology:
Symphurus:
Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref.
45335
)
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 1 - 35 m (Ref.
9294
). Tropical; 25°N - 3°S
Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Ecuador. The Seychelles record in Smith & Smith 1963 (Ref.
1623
) was based on the type specimen of
Symphurus seychellensis
which was previously recorded as coming from Seychelles; the correct type locality for the species is northern Peru (Ref.
26282
).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.6 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9294
); common length : 15.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9294
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 96-104;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 79 - 87;
Vertebrae
: 50 - 54
Found on sandy and muddy bottoms, frequently in estuaries and inlets (Ref.
9294
).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider
, 1995. Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref.
9294
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Least Concern (LC)
; Date assessed:
03 November 2020
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest
FAO - Publication:
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Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 25.9 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 149 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00647 - 0.03228), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
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Updated: 2024-04-26 19:56:02 gmt
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