12.
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
(Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom, Phytologia. 77: 287. 1995.
New England or Michaelmas daisy, aster de Nouvelle-Angleterre
Aster novae-angliae
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 875. 1753;
Virgulus novae-angliae
(Linnaeus) Reveal & Keener
Perennials,
30—120 cm, cespitose; with thick, woody, branched caudices, or short, fleshy rhizomes, sometimes with woody cormoid portions.
Stems
1—5+, erect (stout, light to dark brown, sometimes purplish distally), proximally sparsely to moderately hispiduloso-hirsute or pilose, distally moderately to densely so, stipitate-glandular.
Leaves
(light to dark green) thin, often stiff, margins entire or sometimes with shallow teeth, ciliate; basal withered or withering by flowering, sessile, blades (3-nerved) usually spatulate, sometimes oblanceolate, 20—60 × 5—15 mm, bases attenuate, apices acute, faces sparsely hirsute; proximal cauline withering by flowering, sessile, blades oblong or lanceolate, 50—100 × 5—15(—20) mm, bases auriculate-clasping, margins entire, pustulate-scabrous, apices acute, mucronulate, faces stipitate-glandular, abaxial thinly strigose, adaxial hirsute or hispidulous; distal sessile, blades oblanceolate, 30—80 × 6—15 mm, gradually reduced distally, bases auriculate-clasping, apices acute to obtuse, mucronate to minutely white-spinulose, faces moderately to densely short-soft-hairy, sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular.
Heads
in leafy, often crowded, paniculo-corymbiform arrays.
Peduncles
dilated distally, 0.3—4 cm, densely short-hairy, stipitate-glandular, bracts 1—4, foliaceous, linear to narrowly lanceolate, densely short-hairy, stipitate-glandular, grading into phyllaries.
Involucres
campanulate to hemispheric, (5—)7—9(—15) mm.
Phyllaries
in 3—5(—6) series (dark green to purple-tinged), linear-lanceolate, subequal, outer foliaceous, mid and inner scarious in basal
1
/ 3 —
1
/ 2 , margins stipitate-glandular, apices long-acuminate to acuminate, spreading to reflexed or squarrose, faces glabrous, outer densely stipitate-glandular.
Ray florets
(40—)50—75(-100); corollas dark rose to deep purple (pale pink or white), laminae 9—13 × 0.8—1.3 mm.
Disc florets
50—110; corollas light yellow becoming purple, (4—)4.5—5.5(—7) mm, tubes ±
1
/ 2 narrowly funnelform throats (glabrous or thinly puberulent), lobes triangular, 0.4—0.7 mm.
Cypselae
dull purple or brown, oblong or obconic, not compressed, 1.8—2.5(—3) × 0.6—1 mm, 7—10-nerved, faces densely sericeous, sparsely stipitate-glandular;
pappi
tawny (barb tips sometimes rose-tinged), 4.5—6 mm.
2
n
= 10.
Flowering Aug—Oct(—Nov). Open, moist to wet, sandy or loamy, rich soils, fields, prairies, meadows, marshy grounds, shrubby swamps, fens, shores, thickets, moist edges of woods, roadsides, railroad rights-of-way, somewhat weedy; 0—1600 m; Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Utah, Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; introduced in Europe.
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
is escaped from cultivation and introduced in Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, and has been reported as an ephemeral escape in British Columbia. It possibly escaped from cultivation elsewhere. The Michaelmas daisy is widely sold in the horticultural trade, where cultivars have been developed. Forms have been described that correspond to color genetic variants within natural populations {
Aster novae-angliae
forma
roseus
(Desfontaines) Britton;
A. novae-angliae
forma
geneseensis
House}; they are not recognized here.
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
resembles
Canadanthus modestus
, but the ranges of the two do not overlap, and the latter has sparsely hairy cypselae with dark ribs.
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
hybridizes with
S. ericoides
, forming the F 1 intersectional hybrid
S
. ×
amethystinum
.
